从 物种中顺序提取原花青素级分及其对体外瘤胃酶活性的影响。
Sequential Extraction of Proanthocyanidin Fractions from Species and Their Effects on Rumen Enzyme Activities In Vitro.
机构信息
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, UP, India.
College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
出版信息
Molecules. 2022 Aug 12;27(16):5153. doi: 10.3390/molecules27165153.
Three proanthocyanidin fractions per species were sequentially extracted by 50% (v/v) methanol−water, 70% (v/v) acetone−water, and distilled water from leaves of Ficus racemosa (fractions FR) and F. religiosa (fractions FRL) to yield fractions FR-50, FR-70, FR-DW, FRL-50, FRL-70, and FRL-DW. Fractions were examined for their molecular structure, effect on ruminal enzyme activities, and principal leaf protein (Rubisco) solubilization in vitro. All fractions except FRL-70 contained flavonoids including (+) catechin, (−) epicatechin, (+) gallocatechin, (−) epigallocatechin, and their -4-phloroglucinol adducts. The fractions FRL-50 and FRL-DW significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the activity of ruminal glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. All fractions inhibited glutamate dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) with increasing concentration, while protease activity decreased 15−18% with increasing concentrations. Fractions FRL-50 and FRL-DW completely inhibited the activity of cellulase enzymes. Solubilization of Rubisco was higher in F. religiosa (22.36 ± 1.24%) and F. racemosa (17.26 ± 0.61%) than that of wheat straw (WS) (8.95 ± 0.95%) and berseem hay (BH) (3.04 ± 0.08%). A significant (p < 0.05) increase in protein solubilization was observed when WS and BH were supplemented with FR and FRL leaves at different proportions. The efficiency of microbial protein was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in diets consisting of WS and BH with supplementation of F. racemosa leaves in comparison to those supplemented with F. religiosa leaves. The overall conclusion is that the fractions extracted from F. religiosa showed greater inhibitory effects on rumen enzymes and recorded higher protein solubilization in comparison to the F. racemosa. Thus, PAs from F. religiosa are potential candidates to manipulate rumen enzymes activities for efficient utilization of protein and fiber in ruminants.
从榕属植物（FR 叶）和菩提树（FRL 叶）的叶片中，分别用 50%（v/v）甲醇-水、70%（v/v）丙酮-水和蒸馏水依次提取三种原花青素级分，得到 FR-50、FR-70、FR-DW、FRL-50、FRL-70 和 FRL-DW 级分。研究了这些级分的分子结构、对瘤胃酶活性的影响以及体外主要叶蛋白（Rubisco）的溶解作用。除 FRL-70 外，所有级分均含有类黄酮，包括（+）儿茶素、（-）表儿茶素、（+）没食子儿茶素、（-）表没食子儿茶素及其-4-邻苯二甲酰葡萄糖苷。FRL-50 和 FRL-DW 级分显著（p < 0.05）抑制了瘤胃谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性。所有级分均随着浓度的增加而抑制谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性（p < 0.05），而蛋白酶的活性则随着浓度的增加而降低 15-18%。FRL-50 和 FRL-DW 级分完全抑制了纤维素酶的活性。榕属植物（22.36 ± 1.24%）和榕属植物（17.26 ± 0.61%）的 Rubisco 溶解率高于小麦秸秆（WS）（8.95 ± 0.95%）和 Berseem 干草（BH）（3.04 ± 0.08%）。当 WS 和 BH 用 FR 和 FRL 叶以不同的比例补充时，观察到蛋白质溶解率显著增加（p < 0.05）。与用 F. religiosa 叶补充的日粮相比，用 F. racemosa 叶补充的日粮中的微生物蛋白效率显著增加（p < 0.05）。总的结论是，与榕属植物相比，从 F. religiosa 中提取的级分对瘤胃酶的抑制作用更强，并且记录的蛋白质溶解率更高。因此，来自 F. religiosa 的 PA 是操纵瘤胃酶活性以有效利用反刍动物蛋白质和纤维的潜在候选物。
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