Tsimoyianis G V, Jacobson M S, Feldman J G, Antonio-Santiago M T, Clutario B C, Nussbaum M, Shenker I R
Pediatrics. 1987 Jul;80(1):32-6.
Previous studies have suggested that passive smoking (involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke by nonsmokers) reduces small airways function. We evaluated the exposure to passive smoking and its effects on pulmonary function and symptoms in a group of 12- to 17-year-old high school athletes (N = 209; 119 boys and 90 girls) at their annual presport participation physical examinations. A structured interview was used to assess pulmonary symptoms, personal smoking habits, and passive cigarette smoke exposure. All athletes performed forced expiratory maneuvers on a portable spirometer. We measured forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow 25% to 75% (FEF25-75). The best of three FEF25-75 measured was used. Less than 70% of predicted FEF25-75 was considered abnormal. Of the 209 athletes, 7.7% were active smokers and were excluded. Of the remaining 193 athletes, 68.4% were currently exposed to passive smoking. We found a fourfold increase in incidence of low FEF25-75 and/or cough in athletes exposed to passive smoking compared with athletes not exposed: 18 of 132 exposed athletes (13.6%) had low FEF25-75 and/or cough compared with two of 61 unexposed athletes (3.3%) who had low FEF25-75 and cough (P = .02). Boys were more frequently exposed to passive smoking than girls (74% of boys [80/108] v 61% of girls [52/85] ), but the effects were more pronounced in girls. These data show a relationship between exposure to passive smoking and early pulmonary dysfunction in young athletes. The frequent exposure to passive smoke and the high prevalence of dysfunction in this population, generally considered to be healthy, is of particular concern.
以往的研究表明，被动吸烟（非吸烟者非自愿吸入烟草烟雾）会降低小气道功能。我们在一组12至17岁的高中运动员（N = 209；119名男孩和90名女孩）年度赛前体检时，评估了他们的被动吸烟暴露情况及其对肺功能和症状的影响。采用结构化访谈来评估肺部症状、个人吸烟习惯和被动吸烟暴露情况。所有运动员均使用便携式肺活量计进行用力呼气动作。我们测量了用力肺活量、1秒用力呼气量以及25%至75%用力呼气流量（FEF25 - 75）。采用三次测量中最佳的FEF25 - 75值。FEF25 - 75低于预测值的70%被视为异常。在209名运动员中，7.7%为主动吸烟者，被排除在外。在其余193名运动员中，68.4%目前暴露于被动吸烟环境。我们发现，与未暴露于被动吸烟的运动员相比，暴露于被动吸烟的运动员中FEF25 - 75降低和/或咳嗽的发生率增加了四倍：132名暴露运动员中有18名（13.6%）FEF25 - 75降低和/或咳嗽，而61名未暴露运动员中有2名（3.3%）FEF25 - 75降低和咳嗽（P = .02）。男孩比女孩更频繁地暴露于被动吸烟环境（男孩的74%[80/108]对女孩的61%[52/85]），但这种影响在女孩中更为明显。这些数据表明，年轻运动员被动吸烟暴露与早期肺功能障碍之间存在关联。在这个通常被认为健康的人群中，被动吸烟暴露频繁且功能障碍患病率高，这尤其令人担忧。
