Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto.
KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2022 Nov 1;25(6):378-387. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000867. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
Time-restricted eating (TRE) entails consuming energy intake within a 4- to 10-h window, with the remaining time spent fasting. Although studies have reported health benefits from TRE, little is known about the impact of TRE on common chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the most recent TRE research findings relevant to managing and treating these chronic diseases.
Most recent TRE studies have been in populations with overweight/obesity or metabolic syndrome; two have been in populations with diabetes, three in cancer survivors and none in populations with cardiovascular disease. Collectively, these studies showed that participants could adhere to TRE and TRE is well tolerated. These studies also showed preliminary efficacy for improved glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity, a reduction in body fat and blood pressure, reduced cardiovascular risk scores and increased quality of life. More research is required to define the most effective TRE protocol (i.e. length and timing of eating window, intervention duration).
TRE has demonstrated benefits on cardiovascular, metabolic and clinical outcomes relevant to the underlying pathophysiology, but there are limited data on TRE implemented specifically within populations with diabetes, cancer or cardiovascular disease.
限时进食（TRE）是指在 4 到 10 小时的窗口内摄入能量，其余时间禁食。尽管研究报告称 TRE 对健康有益，但对于 TRE 对 2 型糖尿病、癌症和心血管疾病等常见慢性病的影响知之甚少。这篇综述总结并批判性地评估了与管理和治疗这些慢性病相关的最新 TRE 研究结果。
大多数最近的 TRE 研究都在超重/肥胖或代谢综合征人群中进行；有两项研究在糖尿病人群中进行，三项在癌症幸存者中进行，没有一项在心血管疾病人群中进行。这些研究表明，参与者可以遵守 TRE，且 TRE 耐受良好。这些研究还初步表明，TRE 可改善葡萄糖调节和胰岛素敏感性、减少体脂和血压、降低心血管风险评分和提高生活质量。需要进一步研究来确定最有效的 TRE 方案（即进食窗口的时长和时间、干预持续时间）。
TRE 已证明对与潜在病理生理学相关的心血管、代谢和临床结局有益，但在糖尿病、癌症或心血管疾病人群中专门实施 TRE 的数据有限。
