Sepúlveda Bernardita, Marín Andrea, Burrows Raquel, Sepúlveda Alejandro, Chamorro Rodrigo
School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Food and Nutrition Unit, Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2024 Jun;13(2):214-239. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00532-0. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, restricts feeding time across the day, imposing a daily 'eating window'. The time of day when the eating window occurs could result in differential metabolic effects. Here, we describe recent intervention studies in humans assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- (i.e., eating window starting in the early morning) vs. late (i.e., eating window starting after midday)-TRE protocol.
Well-controlled studies indicate that both TRE protocols effectively reduce body weight and improve altered glucose metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation, or blood pressure levels. An early-TRE (e-TRE) might have a further positive impact on improving blood glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance. However, the studies directly assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- vs. late-TRE have shown dissimilar findings, and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed on the metabolic benefits of these two types of TRE. Evidence suggests that an e-TRE might have enhanced metabolic results, particularly regarding glucose homeostasis. More long-term studies, including larger sample sizes, are needed to assess the metabolic, circadian, and adherence benefits, together with socio-cultural acceptance of both TRE approaches.
限时进食（TRE）是间歇性禁食的一种形式，它限制了一天中的进食时间，设定了每日的“进食窗口”。进食窗口出现的时间可能会导致不同的代谢效应。在此，我们描述了近期在人类中进行的干预研究，这些研究评估了早期（即进食窗口从清晨开始）与晚期（即进食窗口在中午之后开始）TRE方案的代谢后果。
严格控制的研究表明，两种TRE方案均能有效减轻体重，并改善葡萄糖代谢改变、血脂、炎症或血压水平。早期TRE（e-TRE）可能对改善血糖、胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗有进一步的积极影响。然而，直接评估早期与晚期TRE代谢后果的研究结果并不相同，需要更多严格控制的临床试验来研究这两种类型TRE的代谢益处。有证据表明，e-TRE可能会增强代谢效果，特别是在葡萄糖稳态方面。需要更多长期研究，包括更大的样本量，来评估这两种TRE方法在代谢、昼夜节律和依从性方面的益处，以及社会文化接受度。
