Reilly Lauren M, von Schaumburg Patrick C, Hoke Jolene M, Davenport Gary M, Utterback Pamela L, Parsons Carl M, de Godoy Maria R C
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
ADM, Decatur, IL 62526, USA.
Transl Anim Sci. 2021 Feb 16;5(2):txab025. doi: 10.1093/tas/txab025. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Traditionally, protein by-products from oil seeds and cereal grains have been used in pet foods as sustainable, inexpensive, and protein-rich ingredients. However, the on-going demonization of soy- and corn-based ingredients continue to hinder their use in pet food and treat formulations. Ideally, the further demonstration of their protein quality and nutrient composition may encourage their favorable return as acceptable ingredients in pet foods and treats. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the macronutrient composition, indispensable amino acid profile, standardized amino acid digestibility, true metabolizable energy content corrected for nitrogen (TMEn), and digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS-like) of soy flakes (SF), peanut flour (PF), soybean meal (SBM), and corn gluten meal (CGM). Standardized amino acid digestibility was assessed using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. All test ingredients demonstrated a profile of highly digestible indispensable amino acids except for lysine in PF, which was lowest ( < 0.05) at 45.5%. The SBM and CGM had the highest ( > 0.05) digestibilities of indispensable amino acids. A DIAAS-like value was calculated for each ingredient using either AAFCO (2020) recommended values or NRC (2006) recommended allowances as the reference protein pattern. For adult dogs compared to AAFCO recommended values, the first-limiting amino acid was lysine for PF and CGM but it was methionine for SF and SBM. For adult cats compared to AAFCO recommended values, the first-limiting amino acid was lysine for PF and CGM but it was threonine for SF. There was no first-limiting amino acid in SBM for cats as DIAAS-like values were over 100% for all indispensable amino acids. The TMEn values were highest ( < 0.05) for PF and CGM (4.58 and 4.31 kcal/g [dry matter basis], respectively). The protein quality of these plant-based protein by-products reflects their value as nutritional ingredients for canine and feline diets. However, the prior processing of these by-products must be considered before exposing them to additional processing methods, such as extrusion. Additionally, the inclusion of complementary proteins or supplemental amino acids will be needed to meet all indispensable amino acid requirements for a portion of nutritionally complete and balanced pet food.
传统上，油籽和谷物的蛋白质副产品已被用作宠物食品中可持续、廉价且富含蛋白质的成分。然而，对大豆和玉米基成分的持续诋毁继续阻碍它们在宠物食品和零食配方中的使用。理想情况下，进一步证明它们的蛋白质质量和营养成分可能会促使它们作为宠物食品和零食中可接受的成分而受到青睐。因此，本研究的目的是确定大豆片（SF）、花生粉（PF）、豆粕（SBM）和玉米蛋白粉（CGM）的常量营养素组成、必需氨基酸谱、标准化氨基酸消化率、氮校正真代谢能含量（TMEn）以及可消化必需氨基酸评分（类DIAAS）。使用精确饲喂的去盲肠公鸡试验评估标准化氨基酸消化率。除PF中的赖氨酸外，所有测试成分的必需氨基酸消化率都很高，PF中赖氨酸的消化率最低（<0.05），为45.5%。SBM和CGM的必需氨基酸消化率最高（>0.05）。使用AAFCO（2020）推荐值或NRC（2006）推荐量作为参考蛋白质模式，为每种成分计算类DIAAS值。与AAFCO推荐值相比，对于成年犬，PF和CGM的第一限制性氨基酸是赖氨酸，但SF和SBM的是蛋氨酸。与AAFCO推荐值相比，对于成年猫，PF和CGM的第一限制性氨基酸是赖氨酸，但SF的是苏氨酸。对于猫来说，SBM中没有第一限制性氨基酸，因为所有必需氨基酸的类DIAAS值都超过了100%。PF和CGM的TMEn值最高（<0.05）（分别为4.58和4.31千卡/克[干物质基础]）。这些植物性蛋白质副产品的蛋白质质量反映了它们作为犬猫日粮营养成分的价值。然而，在将这些副产品暴露于额外的加工方法（如挤压）之前，必须考虑其先前的加工过程。此外，需要添加互补蛋白质或补充氨基酸，以满足部分营养完全且均衡的宠物食品对所有必需氨基酸的需求。
