Terliesner Nicolas, Unterwalder Nadine, Edelmann Anke, Corman Victor, Knaust Andreas, Rosenfeld Leonard, Gratopp Alexander, Ringe Hannelore, Martin Luise, von Bernuth Horst, Mall Marcus A, Kallinich Tilmann
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Labor Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Front Pediatr. 2022 Aug 11;10:935483. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.935483. eCollection 2022.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed at prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission also influenced transmission of viruses other than SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the burden of common viral respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in children admitted to Berlin University Children's Hospital (BCH) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at different levels of public NPI measures.
In this retrospective study, we analyzed the frequency of detection of common human respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses from January 2016 through January 2022 in all patients admitted to BCH. We compared virus detection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at different levels of public NPI measures.
The frequency of detection of seasonal enveloped and non-enveloped viruses [Boca-, Corona-, Influenza-, Metapneumo-, Parainfluenza-, Rota-, and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (RSV)] was diminished during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas detection rates of non-seasonal viruses (Rhino-/Entero-, and Adenoviruses) were stable during the pandemic. After withdrawal of major NPI measures, we observed an out of season surge of the detection rates of Boca-, Corona-, Parainfluenzaviruses, and RSV. In contrast, no increased detection frequency was observed for Influenza-, Metapneumo-, and Rotaviruses as of January 2022.
Corona-, Boca-, Parainfluenzaviruses, and RSV returned as frequently detected pathogens after withdrawal of major NPI measures. The out of season rise might be attributed to an "immune-debt" due to missing contact to viral antigens resulting in waning of population immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，旨在预防严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）传播的非药物干预措施（NPI）也影响了SARS-CoV-2以外的其他病毒的传播。本研究的目的是描述和比较在柏林大学在不同公共NPI措施水平下，COVID-19大流行之前和期间入住柏林大学儿童医院（BCH）的儿童中常见病毒引起的呼吸道和胃肠道感染的负担。
在这项回顾性研究中，我们分析了2016年1月至2022年1月期间入住BCH的所有患者中常见人类呼吸道和胃肠道病毒的检测频率。我们比较了在不同公共NPI措施水平下COVID-19大流行之前和期间的病毒检测情况。
在COVID-19大流行期间，季节性包膜和非包膜病毒（博卡病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒、偏肺病毒、副流感病毒、轮状病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV））的检测频率降低，而非季节性病毒（鼻病毒/肠道病毒和腺病毒）的检测率在大流行期间保持稳定。在主要NPI措施取消后，我们观察到博卡病毒、冠状病毒、副流感病毒和RSV的检测率出现季节性外的激增。相比之下，截至2022年1月，流感病毒、偏肺病毒和轮状病毒的检测频率没有增加。
在主要NPI措施取消后，冠状病毒、博卡病毒、副流感病毒和RSV再次成为频繁检测到的病原体。季节性外的上升可能归因于COVID-19大流行期间由于缺乏与病毒抗原的接触导致人群免疫力下降而产生的“免疫债”。
