Gambushe Sydney M, Zishiri Oliver T, El Zowalaty Mohamed E
School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 75 123, Sweden.
Infect Drug Resist. 2022 Aug 23;15:4645-4673. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S365269. eCollection 2022.
O157:H7 is an important food-borne and water-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and may cause serious morbidity and large outbreaks worldwide. People with bloody diarrhea have an increased risk of developing serious complications such as acute renal failure and neurological damage. The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious condition, and up to 50% of HUS patients can develop long-term renal dysfunction or blood pressure-related complications. Children aged two to six years have an increased risk of developing HUS. Clinical enteropathogenic (EPEC) infections show fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. The EPEC reservoir is unknown but is suggested to be an asymptomatic or symptomatic child or an asymptomatic adult carrier. Spreading is often through the fecal-oral route. The prevalence of EPEC in infants is low, and EPEC is highly contagious in children. EPEC disease in children tends to be clinically more severe than other diarrheal infections. Some children experience persistent diarrhea that lasts for more than 14 days. Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) strains are a compelling cause of the problem of diarrheal disease. ETEC strains are a global concern as the bacteria are the leading cause of acute watery diarrhea in children and the leading cause of traveler's diarrhea. It is contagious to children and can cause chronic diarrhea that can affect the development and well-being of children. Infections with diarrheagenic are more common in African countries. Antimicrobial agents should be avoided in the acute phase of the disease since studies showed that antimicrobial agents may increase the risk of HUS in children. The South African National Veterinary Surveillance and Monitoring Programme for Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs has reported increased antimicrobial resistance in . Pathogenic bacterial strains have developed resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents due to antimicrobial misuse. The induced heavy metal tolerance may also enhance antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance depends on the type of the antimicrobial agent, bacterial strain, dose, time, and mode of administration. Developing countries are severely affected by increased resistance to antimicrobial agents due to poverty, lack of proper hygiene, and clean water, which can lead to bacterial infections with limited treatment options due to resistance.
O157:H7是一种重要的食源性病原体和水源性病原体，可导致人类出血性结肠炎和溶血尿毒综合征，在全球范围内可能引发严重发病和大规模疫情。出现血性腹泻的人发生急性肾衰竭和神经损伤等严重并发症的风险增加。溶血尿毒综合征（HUS）是一种严重疾病，高达50%的HUS患者可能会出现长期肾功能障碍或血压相关并发症。2至6岁的儿童发生HUS的风险增加。临床致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）感染表现为发热、呕吐和腹泻。EPEC的储存宿主尚不清楚，但推测可能是无症状或有症状的儿童或无症状的成人携带者。传播途径通常是粪口途径。EPEC在婴儿中的患病率较低，在儿童中具有高度传染性。儿童的EPEC疾病在临床上往往比其他腹泻感染更为严重。一些儿童会经历持续超过14天的持续性腹泻。产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）菌株是腹泻病问题的一个重要病因。ETEC菌株是一个全球关注的问题，因为这种细菌是儿童急性水样腹泻的主要原因，也是旅行者腹泻的主要原因。它对儿童具有传染性，可导致慢性腹泻，影响儿童的发育和健康。致泻性感染在非洲国家更为常见。在疾病急性期应避免使用抗菌药物，因为研究表明，抗菌药物可能会增加儿童发生HUS的风险。南非国家抗菌药物耐药性兽医监测和监测计划报告了……中的抗菌药物耐药性增加。由于抗菌药物的滥用，致病细菌菌株已对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性。诱导产生的重金属耐受性也可能增强抗菌药物耐药性。抗菌药物耐药性的患病率取决于抗菌药物的类型、细菌菌株、剂量、时间和给药方式。由于贫困、缺乏适当的卫生条件和清洁水，发展中国家受到抗菌药物耐药性增加的严重影响，这可能导致由于耐药性而治疗选择有限的细菌感染。
