Gashaw Mulatu, Gudina Esayas Kebede, Froeschl Guenter, Matar Ralph, Ali Solomon, Gabriele Liegl, Hohensee Amelie, Seeholzer Thomas, Kroidl Arne, Wieser Andreas
School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia.
CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Leopoldstrasse 5, 80802 Munich, Germany.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jul 14;14(7):706. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14070706.
: In recent years, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates have increased significantly in bacterial pathogens, particularly extended beta-lactam resistance. This study aimed to investigate resistome and phylogenomics of () strains isolated from various sources in Jimma, Ethiopia. : Phenotypic antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were determined using automated Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Isolates exhibiting phenotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics were further analyzed with a DNA microarray to confirm the presence of resistance-encoding genes. Additionally, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of seven housekeeping genes was conducted using PCR and Oxford Nanopore-Technology (ONT) to assess the phylogenetic relationships among the isolates. : A total of 611 isolates from human, animal, and environmental sources were analyzed. Of these, 41.6% (254) showed phenotypic resistance to at least one of the tested beta-lactams, 96.1% (244) thereof were confirmed genotypically. More than half of the isolates (53.3%) had two or more resistance genes present. The most frequent ESBL-encoding gene was CTX-M-15 (74.2%; 181), followed by TEM (59.4%; 145) and CTX-M-9 (4.1%; 10). The predominant carbapenemase gene was NDM-1, detected in 80% (12 out of 15) of carbapenem-resistant isolates. A phylogenetic analysis revealed clonality among the strains obtained from various sources, with international high-risk clones such as ST131, ST648, ST38, ST73, and ST405 identified across various niches. : The high prevalence of CTX-M-15 and NDM-1 in multidrug-resistant isolates indicates the growing threat of AMR in Ethiopia. The discovery of these high-risk clones in various niches shows possible routes of transmission and highlights the necessity of a One Health approach to intervention and surveillance. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention, and control measures are crucial to mitigate the spread of these resistant strains.
近年来，细菌病原体中的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）发生率显著上升，尤其是超广谱β-内酰胺酶耐药性。本研究旨在调查从埃塞俄比亚吉马不同来源分离出的（）菌株的耐药基因组和系统发育基因组学。：使用自动 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法和最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定了分离株的表型抗生素耐药模式。对表现出对β-内酰胺类抗生素表型耐药的分离株进一步用 DNA 微阵列分析，以确认耐药编码基因的存在。此外，使用 PCR 和牛津纳米孔技术（ONT）对七个管家基因进行多位点序列分型（MLST），以评估分离株之间的系统发育关系。：共分析了 611 株从人、动物和环境来源分离出的分离株。其中，41.6%（254 株）对至少一种测试的β-内酰胺类药物表现出表型耐药，其中 96.1%（244 株）经基因分型确认。超过一半的分离株（53.3%）存在两个或更多耐药基因。最常见的超广谱β-内酰胺酶编码基因是 CTX-M-15（74.2%；181 株），其次是 TEM（59.4%；145 株）和 CTX-M-9（4.1%；10 株）。主要的碳青霉烯酶基因是 NDM-1，在 80%（15 株中的 12 株）耐碳青霉烯类分离株中检测到。系统发育分析揭示了从不同来源获得的菌株之间的克隆性，在不同生态位中鉴定出了国际高风险克隆，如 ST131、ST648、ST38、ST73 和 ST405。：多药耐药分离株中 CTX-M-15 和 NDM-1 的高流行率表明埃塞俄比亚 AMR 的威胁日益增加。在不同生态位中发现这些高风险克隆显示了可能的传播途径，并突出了采取“同一健康”方法进行干预和监测的必要性。加强抗菌药物管理、感染预防和控制措施对于减轻这些耐药菌株的传播至关重要。
