Liu Yuan-Yuan, Sun Zao-Xia, Liu Jie, Zhang Qiangqiang, Liu Yuanfang, Cao Aoneng, Sun Ya-Ping, Wang Haifang
Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2022 Aug 31. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00542.
Understanding the cellular uptake and exocytosis processes of nanoparticles (NPs) is essential for developing the nanomedicines and assessing the health risk of nanomaterials. Considerable efforts have been made to reveal how physicochemical properties of NPs influence these processes. However, little attention has been paid to how cell type impacts these processes, especially exocytosis. Herein, the uptake and exocytosis of the carbon dots (CDs) obtained from the carbonization of citric acid with polyethylenimine (PEI) oligomers (CDs-PEI) in five human cell lines (HeLa, A549, BEAS-2B, A431, and MDA-MB-468) are analyzed to understand how cell type influences the fate of CDs in cells. The cell division is taken into account by the correction of cell number for accurate quantification of the uptake and exocytosis of CDs-PEI. The results indicate that the cell type significantly affects the cellular uptake, trafficking, and exocytosis of CDs-PEI. Among the cell types investigated, MDA-MB-468 cells have the greatest capacity for both uptake and exocytosis, and HeLa cells have the least capacity. The kinetics of the exocytosis largely follows a single exponential decay function, with the remaining CDs-PEI in cells reaching plateaus within 24 h. The kinetic parameters are cell-dependent but insensitive to the initial intracellular CDs-PEI content. Generally, the Golgi apparatus pathways are more important in exocytosis than the lysosomal pathway, and the locations of CDs-PEI in the beginning of exocytosis are not correlated with their exocytosis pathways. The findings on the cell type-dependent cellular uptake and exocytosis reported here may be valuable to the future design of high-performance and safe CDs and related nanomaterials in general.
了解纳米颗粒（NPs）的细胞摄取和胞吐过程对于开发纳米药物和评估纳米材料的健康风险至关重要。人们已经做出了相当大的努力来揭示NPs的物理化学性质如何影响这些过程。然而，很少有人关注细胞类型如何影响这些过程，尤其是胞吐作用。在此，分析了由柠檬酸与聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）低聚物碳化得到的碳点（CDs-PEI）在五种人类细胞系（HeLa、A549、BEAS-2B、A431和MDA-MB-468）中的摄取和胞吐情况，以了解细胞类型如何影响CDs在细胞中的命运。通过校正细胞数量来考虑细胞分裂，以便准确量化CDs-PEI的摄取和胞吐。结果表明，细胞类型显著影响CDs-PEI的细胞摄取、运输和胞吐。在所研究的细胞类型中，MDA-MB-468细胞的摄取和胞吐能力最强，而HeLa细胞的能力最弱。胞吐动力学在很大程度上遵循单一指数衰减函数，细胞内剩余的CDs-PEI在24小时内达到平台期。动力学参数依赖于细胞，但对初始细胞内CDs-PEI含量不敏感。一般来说，高尔基体途径在胞吐作用中比溶酶体途径更重要，并且CDs-PEI在胞吐开始时的位置与其胞吐途径无关。本文报道的关于细胞类型依赖性细胞摄取和胞吐的研究结果可能对未来设计高性能和安全的CDs及相关纳米材料具有重要价值。
