Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Adv Nutr. 2022 Dec 22;13(6):2305-2315. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac089.
The EAT-Lancet Commission's planetary health guidelines suggest a reduction in the consumption of animal-source foods (ASFs) for better health and more sustainable food systems. ASFs are highly nutrient dense, therefore suited to address the widespread issue of micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in low-resource settings where diets are predominantly plant based. ASFs are also believed to contain the meat factor, a substance enhancing the absorption of micronutrients from plant-based foods. We conducted a scoping review with the objective of systematically mapping the available evidence on the meat factor. The MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for literature published up to September 2021. Articles eligible for inclusion were all studies assessing the effect of adding ASFs and/or ASF fractions on micronutrient absorption from a plant-based meal or the overall diet in animal models and human subjects. Screening and data extraction were performed, and results were charted into 12 categories. We identified 77 articles eligible for inclusion, 52 of which were conducted in human subjects, 24 in animal models, and 1 in both. The addition of muscle tissue and muscle tissue fractions to single plant-based meals steadily increased absorption of iron and zinc across studies. The efficacy of the meat factor in increasing iron and zinc absorption in the overall diet is less clear. No clear differences emerged between red meat, poultry, and fish in promoting the meat factor effect. No clear evidence indicates that milk and egg products contain the meat factor. Our review highlights the importance of muscle tissue for the potential of the meat factor to enhance absorption of micronutrients of concern. Although the literature supports including sustainable and economically accessible forms of these ASFs into the diet, we found limited studies in resource-poor countries and of diets with low meat intake.
EAT-柳叶刀委员会的行星健康指南建议减少动物源食品（ASF）的消费，以改善健康和更可持续的食物系统。ASF 是营养密集型的，因此适合解决广泛存在的微量营养素缺乏问题，特别是在以植物性饮食为主的资源匮乏环境中。ASF 还被认为含有肉类因素，这种物质可以增强植物性食物中微量营养素的吸收。我们进行了一项范围界定审查，目的是系统地绘制现有关于肉类因素的证据图谱。我们在 MEDLINE/PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中搜索了截至 2021 年 9 月发表的文献。符合纳入标准的文章均为评估在动物模型和人类受试者中添加 ASF 和/或 ASF 部分对植物性膳食或整体饮食中微量营养素吸收的影响的研究。我们进行了筛选和数据提取，并将结果绘制到 12 个类别中。我们确定了 77 篇符合纳入标准的文章，其中 52 篇在人类受试者中进行，24 篇在动物模型中进行，1 篇在两者中进行。在单一植物性膳食中添加肌肉组织和肌肉组织部分可稳定增加铁和锌的吸收。肉类因素在整体饮食中增加铁和锌吸收的功效则不太清楚。在促进肉类因素效应方面，红肉、禽肉和鱼肉之间没有明显差异。没有明确的证据表明牛奶和蛋制品含有肉类因素。我们的综述强调了肌肉组织对于肉类因素增强关注的微量营养素吸收的潜力的重要性。尽管文献支持将这些 ASF 的可持续和经济上可获得的形式纳入饮食，但我们发现资源匮乏国家和肉类摄入量低的饮食的研究有限。
