Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2023 Jan;31(1):62-75. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
Tick-transmitted bacterial pathogens thrive in enzootic infection cycles, colonizing disparate vertebrate and arthropod tissues, often establishing persistent infections. Therefore, the evolution of robust immune evasion strategies is central to their successful persistence or transmission between hosts. To survive in nature, these pathogens must counteract a broad range of microbicidal host responses that can be localized, tissue-specific, or systemic, including a mix of these responses at the host-vector interface. Herein, we review microbial immune evasion strategies focusing on Lyme disease spirochetes and rickettsial or tularemia agents as models for extracellular and intracellular tick-borne pathogens, respectively. A better understanding of these adaptive strategies could enrich our knowledge of the infection biology of relevant tick-borne diseases, contributing to the development of future preventions.
蜱传细菌病原体在地方性感染循环中茁壮成长，定殖于不同的脊椎动物和节肢动物组织中，通常建立持续性感染。因此，强大的免疫逃避策略的进化对于它们在宿主之间的成功持续存在或传播至关重要。为了在自然界中生存，这些病原体必须对抗广泛的杀菌宿主反应，这些反应可以是局部的、组织特异性的或全身性的，包括在宿主-载体界面处的这些反应的混合。在此，我们回顾了微生物免疫逃避策略，重点关注莱姆病螺旋体和立克次体或土拉热弗朗西斯菌病原体，分别作为细胞外和细胞内蜱传病原体的模型。更好地了解这些适应性策略可以丰富我们对相关蜱传疾病感染生物学的认识，有助于未来预防措施的发展。
