Esferjani Shahla Vaziri, Naghizadeh Effat, Albokordi Mostafa, Zakerkish Mehrnoosh, Araban Marzieh
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Arch Public Health. 2022 Sep 3;80(1):201. doi: 10.1186/s13690-022-00957-5.
The elderly constitute a large fraction of patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide. It has been well documented that the elderly's adherence to disease control is not adequate. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a mobile-based educational intervention on self-care behaviors and glycemic control among elderly with type 2 diabetes.
The present study was conducted on 118 older people (59 in the intervention group and 59 in the control group) with type 2 diabetes who referred to Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran in 2020. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected at baseline and after a 3-month follow-up. At baseline, the participants completed a valid and reliable multi-section questionnaire including items on attitude, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), self-care constructs, and HBA1C. After analyzing the pre-test data, we designed a training program which was offered to the intervention group online via mobile phone in three online sessions. The control group, however, received no intervention except diabetes routine care. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15 at a significance level of 0.05.
Before the intervention, the mean scores of CSES, attitudes towards self-care, MSPSS, and self-care were not statistically significant between study groups (P > 0.05), but after intervention, the study found significant differences between the groups in terms of CSES, attitude, MSPSS, and self-care (P = 0.001). Furthermore, after implementation of the intervention, the mean value of HbA1C in the intervention group was significantly less than that of the control group (7.00 vs. 7.32%) (P = 0.001).
The present results indicated that implementing an educational intervention via mobile phone can improve self-care practice and reduce HbA1C in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. The study also showed a moderate to large effect on the outcome variables. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are recommended to confirm the results.
在全球范围内，老年人在2型糖尿病患者中占很大比例。已有充分文献证明，老年人对疾病控制的依从性不足。本研究旨在评估基于移动设备的教育干预对2型糖尿病老年人自我护理行为和血糖控制的影响。
本研究于2020年对转诊至伊朗西南部阿瓦士戈勒斯坦医院的118例2型糖尿病老年人进行（干预组59例，对照组59例）。参与者被随机分为实验组和对照组。在基线和3个月随访后收集数据。基线时，参与者完成一份有效且可靠的多部分问卷，包括态度、多维感知社会支持量表（MSPSS）、应对自我效能量表（CSES）、自我护理结构和糖化血红蛋白（HBA1C）等项目。在分析预测试数据后，我们设计了一个培训项目，并通过手机以三个在线课程的形式在线提供给干预组。然而，对照组除了接受糖尿病常规护理外未接受任何干预。使用SPSS - 15软件进行数据分析，显著性水平为0.05。
干预前，研究组之间CSES、自我护理态度、MSPSS和自我护理的平均得分无统计学意义（P > 0.05），但干预后，研究发现两组在CSES、态度、MSPSS和自我护理方面存在显著差异（P = 0.001）。此外，实施干预后，干预组糖化血红蛋白的平均值显著低于对照组（7.00%对7.32%）（P = 0.001）。
目前的结果表明，通过手机实施教育干预可以改善2型糖尿病老年人的自我护理实践并降低糖化血红蛋白。该研究还显示对结果变量有中度至较大的影响。然而，建议进行更长随访期的进一步研究以证实结果。
