Zea María Del Pilar, Herrán Oscar F
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Seccional Cali, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Alimentación y Nutrición, Calle 18 N 118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 32 No. 29-31, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
J Nutr Metab. 2022 Aug 25;2022:1047524. doi: 10.1155/2022/1047524. eCollection 2022.
Information on meal patterns (type, number, relative contribution to energy/day (%), time, and location of meals) is limited or nonexistent.
Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys. Colombia. . = 26,115 from 3 to 64 years old. The sample analyzed included 3,127 children between 3 and 4 years old, 13,384 children between 5 and 17 years old, and 9,604 adults between 18 and 64 years old. Meal patterns were described by age group. Through multiple linear regression, crude and adjusted differences in the categories of the covariates studied were estimated. The number/day of meals was the dependent variable.
The number of meals/day (mean ± SD) was 4.4 ± 0.0, without differences by sex ( = 0.068), current weight ( = 0.336) , or wealth index ( = 0.480), but there were differences in the level of education of the head of the household ( < 0.0001) and the level of food security of the household ( < 0.0001). A total of 96.8% of the population eats 3 or more meals/day (95% CI: 96.2, 97.2). The consumption frequency (mean ± SD) of the three main meals was 0.95 ± 0.0 "times/day," 1.0 ± 0.0 and 0.95 ± 0.0, for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. Lunch is the meal that makes the greatest relative contribution to the total energy consumed (energy/day), 33.9% (95% CI: 32.7, 35.1). Breakfast is eaten outside the home by 13.0% of the subjects, lunch by 26.0%, and dinner by 3.8%. The minimum fasting interval is 9 hours and the maximum is 10 hours and 30 minutes. The meal pattern is equivalent to type "A," with three main meals and two or three intermediate meals (midmorning and midafternoon) taken during 15 hours of the day.
All age groups had more than four meals/day. The number is directly related to socioeconomic level. Lunch is the main meal.
关于用餐模式（类型、数量、每日能量贡献比例（%）、时间和用餐地点）的信息有限或不存在。
具有全国代表性的横断面调查。哥伦比亚。样本包括26,115名3至64岁的人群。分析的样本包括3,127名3至4岁的儿童、13,384名5至17岁的儿童和9,604名18至64岁的成年人。按年龄组描述用餐模式。通过多元线性回归，估计所研究协变量类别中的粗差异和调整差异。每日用餐次数为因变量。
每日用餐次数（平均值±标准差）为4.4±0.0，在性别（P = 0.068）、当前体重（P = 0.336）或财富指数（P = 0.480）方面无差异，但在户主的教育水平（P < 0.0001）和家庭粮食安全水平（P < 0.0001）方面存在差异。共有96.8%的人口每天吃三餐或更多餐（95%置信区间：96.2，97.2）。三餐的消费频率（平均值±标准差）分别为早餐0.95±0.0“次/天”、午餐1.0±0.0和晚餐0.95±0.0。午餐是对总能量消耗（每日能量）贡献最大的一餐，占33.9%（95%置信区间：32.7，35.1）。13.0%的受试者在家庭外吃早餐，26.0%在家庭外吃午餐，3.8%在家庭外吃晚餐。最短禁食间隔为9小时，最长为10小时30分钟。用餐模式相当于“A”型，有三餐为主餐，在一天的15小时内有两餐或三餐中间餐（上午中间和下午中间）。
所有年龄组每天用餐次数均超过四次。用餐次数与社会经济水平直接相关。午餐是主餐。
