Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 17;10:819088. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.819088. eCollection 2022.
The standards of living, improvement in public health, and medical care in Pakistan are increasing day by day, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been increasingly acknowledged in various patient's reported outcomes in Pakistan. However, a large-scale general population-based study on assessing HQRoL in Pakistan was not conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HRQoL for the general Pakistani population.
A cross-sectional study with a population sample ( = 16,672) was selected from all Pakistan provinces using a stratified sampling approach. The EQ-5D-3L tool was used to measure the HRQoL of the general population of Pakistan. The descriptive and inferential statistics have been done by using SPSS version 20.
Overall, 121 health states were reported in this study. EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS scores were 0.74 ± 0.32 and 0.75 ± 0.25, respectively. The percentage of people responding to any problems increased with age. Males have better health as compared to females in all age groups. All demographics were significantly associated ( < 0.01) with the mean EQ5D index and VAS scores except residence ( > 0.05). The regression model reported that age was the best predictor of the EQ-5D index scores after adjusting for the covariates (beta = 0.19; < 0.001). This study provides Pakistani population HRQoL data measured by the EQ-5D tool, based on a national representative sample.
The current study concluded that Age, City, Gender, Education, Occupation, Residence, and House occupancy are significantly affecting HRQOL. The socioeconomically deprived groups and females have inferior health status than more advantaged. The trends detected in high-income nations were usually similar to Pakistan.
随着巴基斯坦生活水平、公共卫生改善和医疗保健水平的提高，健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）在巴基斯坦各种患者报告结果中的重要性日益得到认可。然而，巴基斯坦尚未进行大规模的基于一般人群的生活质量评估研究。因此，本研究旨在评估巴基斯坦一般人群的 HRQoL。
本研究采用分层抽样方法，从巴基斯坦所有省份中选取了一个人群样本（n=16672）进行横断面研究。使用 EQ-5D-3L 工具评估巴基斯坦一般人群的 HRQoL。使用 SPSS 版本 20 进行描述性和推断性统计分析。
本研究共报告了 121 种健康状态。EQ-5D 指数和 EQ-VAS 评分分别为 0.74±0.32 和 0.75±0.25。随着年龄的增长，报告有任何问题的比例增加。在所有年龄段，男性的健康状况均优于女性。除居住地（>0.05）外，所有人口统计学因素均与 EQ5D 指数和 VAS 评分显著相关（<0.01）。回归模型报告称，在调整协变量后，年龄是 EQ-5D 指数评分的最佳预测因素（β=0.19；<0.001）。本研究提供了基于全国代表性样本的 EQ-5D 工具测量的巴基斯坦人群 HRQoL 数据。
本研究得出结论，年龄、城市、性别、教育、职业、居住地和住房占有率显著影响 HRQOL。社会经济地位较低的群体和女性的健康状况劣于更优越的群体。在高收入国家中检测到的趋势通常与巴基斯坦相似。
