Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA..
Clin Immunol. 2022 Oct;243:109108. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109108. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Monkeypox is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus which has predominantly affected humans living in western and central Africa since the 1970s. Type I and II interferon signaling, NK cell function, and serologic immunity are critical for host immunity against monkeypox. Monkeypox can evade host viral recognition and block interferon signaling, leading to overall case fatality rates of up to 11%. The incidence of monkeypox has increased since cessation of smallpox vaccination. In 2022, a global outbreak emerged, predominantly affecting males, with exclusive human-to-human transmission and more phenotypic variability than earlier outbreaks. Available vaccines are safe and effective tools for prevention of severe disease, but supply is limited. Now considered a public health emergency, more studies are needed to better characterize at-risk populations and to develop new anti-viral therapies.
猴痘是一种正痘病毒属病毒，自 20 世纪 70 年代以来主要影响生活在西非和中非的人群。I 型和 II 型干扰素信号、自然杀伤细胞功能和血清免疫对于宿主抵御猴痘至关重要。猴痘可以逃避宿主的病毒识别并阻断干扰素信号，导致总病死率高达 11%。自天花疫苗停止接种以来，猴痘的发病率有所增加。2022 年，出现了一次全球暴发，主要影响男性，存在人与人之间的独家传播，并且表型变异比以前的暴发更为多样。现有的疫苗是预防严重疾病的安全有效工具，但供应有限。现在被认为是公共卫生紧急事件，需要更多的研究来更好地确定高危人群，并开发新的抗病毒疗法。
