Chen Wenjing, Guo Ruxin, Wang Zhigang, Xu Weihui, Hu Yunlong
College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.
Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 22;13:949590. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.949590. eCollection 2022.
A Gram-negative bacteria () was exposed to different concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg/L) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) for 8 h, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, lipopolysaccharide content detection, analysis of fatty acids, calcein release test, proteomics, non-targeted metabolomics, and enzyme activity assays were used to evaluate the toxicological effect of DMP on . The results showed that DMP exposure caused an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio and in the release of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from the cell outer membrane (OM) of . Moreover, DMP regulated the abundances of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) of and induced dye leakage from an artificial membrane. Additionally, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and changes in antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) activities, as well as the inhibition of Ca-Mg-ATPase and Na/K-ATPase activities in , which were induced by the DMP. In summary, DMP could disrupt the lipid asymmetry of the outer membrane, increase the fluidity of the cell membrane, and destroy the integrity of the cell membrane of through lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and ion imbalance.
一种革兰氏阴性菌（）暴露于不同浓度（0、20和40 mg/L）的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）中8小时，然后使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析、脂多糖含量检测、脂肪酸分析、钙黄绿素释放试验、蛋白质组学、非靶向代谢组学和酶活性测定来评估DMP对该菌的毒理学效应。结果表明，DMP暴露导致该菌的不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸（UFA/SFA）比值增加，且细胞外膜（OM）的脂多糖（LPSs）释放增加。此外，DMP调节该菌的磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）和磷脂酰甘油（PG）丰度，并诱导人工膜的染料泄漏。另外，DMP诱导该菌产生过量的活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA），抗氧化酶（即过氧化氢酶[CAT]和超氧化物歧化酶[SOD]）活性发生变化，以及Ca-Mg-ATP酶和Na/K-ATP酶活性受到抑制。总之，DMP可通过脂质过氧化、氧化应激和离子失衡破坏外膜的脂质不对称性，增加细胞膜的流动性，并破坏该菌细胞膜的完整性。
