Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
Molecules. 2022 Aug 26;27(17):5497. doi: 10.3390/molecules27175497.
Starch is affected by several limitations, e.g., retro-gradation, high viscosity even at low concentrations, handling issues, poor freeze-thaw stability, low process tolerance, and gel opacity. In this context, physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods have been investigated for addressing such limitations or adding new attributes. Thus, the creation of biomaterial-based nanoparticles has sparked curiosity. Because of that, single nucleotide polymorphisms are gaining a lot of interest in food packaging technology. This is due to their ability to increase the mechanical and water vapor resistance of the matrix, as well as hide its re-crystallization during storage in high-humidity atmospheres and enhance the mechanical properties of films when binding in paper machines and paper coating. In medicine, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are suitable as carriers in the field of drug delivery for immobilized bioactive or therapeutic agents, as well as wastewater treatments as an alternative to expensive activated carbons. Starch nanoparticle preparations can be performed by hydrolysis via acid hydrolysis of the amorphous part of a starch molecule, the use of enzymes such as pullulanase or isoamylase, or a combination of two regeneration and mechanical treatments with the employment of extrusion, irradiation, ultrasound, or precipitation. The possibility of obtaining cheap and easy-to-use methods for starch and starch derivative nanoparticles is of fundamental importance. Nano-precipitation and ultra-sonication are rather simple and reliable methods for nanoparticle production. The process involves the addition of a diluted starch solution into a non-solvent, and ultra-sonication aims to reduce the size by breaking the covalent bonds in polymeric material due to intense shear forces or mechanical effects associated with the collapsing of micro-bubbles by sound waves. The current study focuses on starch nanoparticle manufacturing, characterization, and emerging applications.
淀粉受到多种限制的影响，例如回生、即使在低浓度下也具有高粘度、处理问题、冷冻-解冻稳定性差、低加工容忍度和凝胶不透明度。在这种情况下，已经研究了物理、化学和酶方法来解决这些限制或添加新属性。因此，基于生物材料的纳米粒子的创建引起了人们的兴趣。正因为如此，单核苷酸多态性在食品包装技术中引起了广泛关注。这是因为它们能够提高基质的机械和水蒸气阻力，掩盖其在高湿度环境下储存时的再结晶，并在结合到造纸机和纸张涂层中时增强薄膜的机械性能。在医学领域，单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 适合作为药物输送领域中固定化生物活性或治疗剂的载体，以及作为替代昂贵的活性炭的废水处理剂。淀粉纳米颗粒的制备可以通过酸水解淀粉分子的无定形部分、使用普鲁兰酶或异淀粉酶等酶、或两种方法的组合来进行，再生和机械处理与挤出、辐射、超声或沉淀相结合。获得廉价且易于使用的淀粉和淀粉衍生物纳米颗粒的方法具有重要意义。纳米沉淀和超声处理是生产纳米颗粒的相当简单和可靠的方法。该过程涉及将稀释的淀粉溶液加入非溶剂中，超声处理旨在通过强烈的剪切力或与声波相关的微泡崩溃的机械效应破坏聚合物材料中的共价键来减小尺寸。本研究重点关注淀粉纳米颗粒的制造、表征和新兴应用。
