Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Campus Universitario, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2023 Feb;62(1):419-432. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02991-z. Epub 2022 Sep 10.
There is no evidence of a dietary index that measures not only the quantity but also the quality of protein. The aim is to investigate the association between a new dietary protein quality index (PQI) and micronutrient intake adequacy in a Mediterranean cohort.
We assessed 17,535 participants' diet at baseline using a semi-quantitative FFQ. The PQI was calculated according to the ratio of protein (g/d) sources: [fish, seafood, lean meat, pulses, eggs, nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains]/[red and ultra-processed meats, whole-fat or semi-skimmed dairy, potatoes and refined grains]. Participants were classified into quintiles of PQI. We evaluated the intakes of Fe, Cr, I, K, Mg, Ca, P, Na, Se, Zn and vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, E and folic acid. Micronutrient adequacy was evaluated using DRIs. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the micronutrient adequacy according to quintiles of PQI.
In this cross-sectional analysis, a total of 24.2% and 4.3% participants did not to meet DRIs in ≥ 4 and ≥ 8 micronutrients, respectively. The odds of failing to meet ≥ 4 and ≥ 8 DRI were lower in participants in the highest quintile of protein quality (OR = 0.22; IC 95% = 0.18, 0.26; P-trend < 0.001; and OR = 0.08; IC 95% = 0.05, 0.14; P-trend < 0.001, respectively) as compared to participants in the lowest quintile.
Higher PQI was found to be strongly associated with better micronutrient intake adequacy in this Mediterranean cohort. The promotion of high-quality protein intake may be helpful for a more adequate intake of micronutrients. The odds of failing to meet certain numbers of DRIs were lower rather than saying lower risk.
目前尚无既能衡量蛋白质摄入量，又能衡量其质量的膳食指数。本研究旨在调查一种新的膳食蛋白质质量指数（PQI）与地中海人群微量营养素摄入充足度之间的关系。
我们在基线时使用半定量 FFQ 评估了 17535 名参与者的饮食情况。根据蛋白质（g/d）来源的比例计算 PQI：[鱼、海鲜、瘦肉、豆类、鸡蛋、坚果、低脂乳制品和全谷物]/[红肉和超加工肉类、全脂或半脱脂乳制品、土豆和精制谷物]。参与者被分为五组 PQI 五分位数。我们评估了铁、铬、碘、钾、镁、钙、磷、钠、硒、锌和维生素 A、B1、B2、B3、B6、B12、C、E 和叶酸的摄入量。使用 DRIs 评估微量营养素充足度。使用逻辑回归分析根据 PQI 的五分位数评估微量营养素充足度。
在这项横断面分析中，分别有 24.2%和 4.3%的参与者未能满足≥4 种和≥8 种微量营养素的 DRIs。与最低蛋白质质量五分位数组的参与者相比，蛋白质质量最高五分位数组的参与者未能满足≥4 种和≥8 种 DRIs 的可能性较低（OR=0.22；95%CI=0.18，0.26；P 趋势<0.001；OR=0.08；95%CI=0.05，0.14；P 趋势<0.001）。
在该地中海人群中，较高的 PQI 与更好的微量营养素摄入充足度密切相关。促进高质量蛋白质摄入可能有助于更充足地摄入微量营养素。未能满足某些数量的 DRIs 的可能性较低，而不是说风险较低。
