Alkhalefa Noura, Khaliel Samy, Tahoon Abdelnaby, Shaban Hanan, Magouz Asmaa, Ghabban Hanaa, Lokman Maha S, Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheik University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Aug 25;9:947641. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.947641. eCollection 2022.
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is considered a serious threat to global poultry production. Despite the availability of vaccines, it remains a major devastating epidemic responsible for great economic losses. The development of novel virus-controlling strategies is therefore an urgent need. The present study investigated for the first time the antiviral efficacy of propolis and chitosan nanoparticles against two NDV isolates, MW881875 and MW881876, recovered from vaccinated commercial broiler farms in KafrEl Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The polygenetic analysis focused on the and genes, with one isolate having a 97% identity with the genotype VII NDV Israeli strain. On the other hand, the identified isolates showed high genetic variation and only 76% identity with the LaSota vaccine (genotype II). More interestingly, the cell cytotoxic concentrations of chitosan, propolis, and a propolis-chitosan mixture against Vero cells were 327.41 ± 12.63, 109.48 ± 8.36, and 231.78 ± 11.46 μg/ml, respectively. The median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay demonstrated that the nanoparticles have antiviral effects after NDV exposure resulting in significant decrease in viral titer (TCID50) by 2, 2.66, and 2.5 log10 at 62 μg/ml of chitosan, 13 μg/ml of propolis, and 30 μg/ml of the propolis-chitosan mixture, respectively, compared with the control TCID50 value of 4 log10. Taken together, the results provide novel insights into the potentially promising roles of propolis and chitosan as novel, safe, and effective antiviral agents against NDV.
新城疫病毒（NDV）被认为是对全球家禽生产的严重威胁。尽管有疫苗可用，但它仍然是一种造成巨大经济损失的主要毁灭性流行病。因此，开发新的病毒控制策略迫在眉睫。本研究首次调查了蜂胶和壳聚糖纳米颗粒对从埃及卡夫勒谢赫省接种疫苗的商业肉鸡场分离出的两种NDV毒株MW881875和MW881876的抗病毒效果。多基因分析聚焦于F和HN基因，其中一个分离株与基因型VII NDV以色列毒株具有97%的同一性。另一方面，鉴定出的分离株显示出高度的遗传变异，与LaSota疫苗（基因型II）只有76%的同一性。更有趣的是，壳聚糖、蜂胶和蜂胶-壳聚糖混合物对Vero细胞的细胞毒性浓度分别为327.41±12.63、109.48±8.36和231.78±11.46μg/ml。半数组织培养感染剂量（TCID50）试验表明，纳米颗粒在暴露于NDV后具有抗病毒作用，与4 log10的对照TCID50值相比，在62μg/ml壳聚糖、13μg/ml蜂胶和30μg/ml蜂胶-壳聚糖混合物中，病毒滴度（TCID50）分别显著降低2、2.66和2.5 log10。综上所述，这些结果为蜂胶和壳聚糖作为针对NDV的新型、安全和有效的抗病毒剂的潜在作用提供了新的见解。
