Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
Department of Ophthalmology, Bafra State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2022 Sep 13;22(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12886-022-02591-9.
The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature, extremely low birth weight (BW, ELBW) and extremely low gestational age (GA, ELGA) infants.
The medical records of preterm infants who were screened for ROP between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Only one eye of each infant with higher grade ROP was included in the study. BW; GA; medical characteristics; the presence, severity, and need for treatment of ROP were recorded. Infants were divided into groups according to BW (≤1000 g, 1001-1750 g, > 1750 g) and GA (≤25w, 26-28w, 29-31w, 32-34w, ≥35w) and data were analyzed.
Data of 2186 infants were evaluated. The overall incidences of any stage ROP and ROP requiring treatment were 43.5 and 8.0%, respectively. These rates were 81.1 and 23.9% in ELBW (≤1000 g) infants and were 92.9 and 64.3% in ELGA (≤25w) infants, respectively. The rates of ROP, the median duration of oxygen therapy and systemic diseases increased significantly as BW and GA decreased. The median duration of oxygen therapy and the rates of sepsis, pulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were statistically higher in infants with ROP compared to those without ROP (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that low BW and GA; prolonged duration of oxygen therapy; presence of PDA and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were important risk factors for ROP.
ELBW and ELGA infants develop higher rates of ROP and severe ROP. Prolonged duration of oxygen therapy, the presence of concomitant neonatal sepsis, BPD, IVH, PDA, and NEC further increases the risk of ROP.
本研究旨在确定早产儿极低出生体重（BW，ELBW）和极低胎龄（GA，ELGA）婴儿中早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发病率和危险因素。
回顾性分析了 2012 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间接受 ROP 筛查的早产儿的病历。每只患有较高等级 ROP 的婴儿的一只眼都包括在研究中。记录 BW；GA；医疗特征；ROP 的存在、严重程度和治疗需求。根据 BW（≤1000g、1001-1750g、>1750g）和 GA（≤25w、26-28w、29-31w、32-34w、≥35w）将婴儿分为不同组，并进行数据分析。
评估了 2186 名婴儿的数据。任何阶段 ROP 和需要治疗的 ROP 的总发生率分别为 43.5%和 8.0%。ELBW（≤1000g）婴儿的这两个比例分别为 81.1%和 23.9%，ELGA（≤25w）婴儿的这两个比例分别为 92.9%和 64.3%。ROP 的发生率、氧疗时间中位数和全身疾病的发生率随着 BW 和 GA 的降低而显著增加。ROP 患儿的氧疗时间中位数和败血症、肺发育不良（BPD）和脑室出血（IVH）的发生率明显高于无 ROP 患儿（p<0.001）。多变量回归分析表明，低 BW 和 GA；长时间氧疗；PDA 和坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的存在是 ROP 的重要危险因素。
ELBW 和 ELGA 婴儿 ROP 和重度 ROP 的发生率较高。长时间氧疗、同时存在新生儿败血症、BPD、IVH、PDA 和 NEC 会进一步增加 ROP 的风险。
