York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2022 Dec;70:102202. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102202. Epub 2022 Sep 11.
In eukaryotic cells, reversible attachment of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls) to specific target proteins is conducted by multicomponent systems whose collective actions control protein fate and cell behaviour in precise but complex ways. In trypanosomatids, attachment of ubiquitin and Ubls to target proteins regulates the cell cycle, endocytosis, protein sorting and degradation, autophagy and various aspects of infection and stress responses. The extent of these systems in trypanosomatids has been surveyed in recent reports, while in Leishmania mexicana, essential roles have been defined for many ubiquitin-system genes in deletion mutagenesis and life-cycle phenotyping campaigns. The first steps to elucidate the pathways of ubiquitin transfer among the ubiquitination components and to define the acceptor substrates and the downstream deubiquitinases are now being taken.
在真核细胞中，泛素和泛素样修饰物（Ubls）可逆地附着到特定靶蛋白上是由多成分系统完成的，其集体作用以精确而复杂的方式控制蛋白质命运和细胞行为。在原生动物中，泛素和 Ubls 附着到靶蛋白上调节细胞周期、内吞作用、蛋白质分拣和降解、自噬以及感染和应激反应的各个方面。最近的报告调查了这些系统在原生动物中的程度，而在墨西哥利什曼原虫中，许多泛素系统基因在缺失诱变和生命周期表型筛选活动中被定义为必需基因。现在正在着手阐明泛素转移途径中的泛素化成分之间的关系，并确定接受底物和下游去泛素化酶。
