Obasohan Phillips Edomwonyi, Walters Stephen J, Jacques Richard, Khatab Khaled
School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Department of Liberal Studies, College of Administrative and Business Studies, Niger State Polytechnic, Bida Campus, Bida, 912231, Nigeria.
Public Health Pract (Oxf). 2022 Jan 20;3:100229. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100229. eCollection 2022 Jun.
This study aims to determine the prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in all states of Nigeria, including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), and to quantify the predicted probabilities by individual, household and area factors.
This study is a secondary analysis of data sets from two national representative cross-sectional surveys in Nigeria: the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2018 NDHS) and the National Human Development Index (2018 NHDR). The state human development index (HDI) and the state multidimensional poverty index (MPI) from the 2018 NHDR were incorporated into the 2018 NDHS.
The study included a weighted sample of 10,222 children aged 6-59 months. Both univariate and bivariate analyses were computed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia status, respectively. Multiple binary logistic regression analyses with adjusted predicted probabilities (APPs) were performed to quantify the predictors' probabilities.
The prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria was 68.1% (6962/10,222). Zamfara state had the highest prevalence (84.0% [266/317]), while Kaduna state recorded the lowest (50.0% [283/572]). The APPs of being anaemic decreased from 82.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.0-85.8) for children aged 6-18 months to 60.6% (95% CI: 56.8-64.4) for children aged 43-59 months, when other predictors were held constant. The APP for a child of an anaemic mother is 10.2% points higher than the APP for a child whose mother is not anaemic. In addition, the APPs for children decreased as the age group of their mothers increased. A child from a state that is mildly deprived in the MPI has a lower APP (67.2% [95% CI: 62.2-72.2]) compared with a child from highly deprived MPI state (79.0% [95% CI: 73.4-84.5]).
Health strategies, including supplementation programmes, should be carried out at both ante-natal and post-natal clinics to reduce the prevalence of anaemia, especially in vulnerable population groups.
本研究旨在确定尼日利亚所有州（包括联邦首都地区）6至59个月儿童的贫血患病率，并按个体、家庭和地区因素量化预测概率。
本研究是对尼日利亚两项具有全国代表性的横断面调查数据集的二次分析：尼日利亚人口与健康调查（2018年NDHS）和国家人类发展指数（2018年NHDR）。2018年NHDR中的州人类发展指数（HDI）和州多维贫困指数（MPI）被纳入2018年NDHS。
该研究纳入了10222名6至59个月儿童的加权样本。分别进行单变量和双变量分析以确定贫血状况的患病率及相关因素。进行了带有调整预测概率（APPs）的多元二元逻辑回归分析以量化预测因素的概率。
尼日利亚6至59个月儿童的贫血患病率为68.1%（6962/10222）。赞法拉州患病率最高（84.0%[266/317]），而卡杜纳州最低（50.0%[283/572]）。当其他预测因素保持不变时，贫血的调整预测概率从6至18个月儿童的82.9%（95%置信区间[CI]：80.0 - 85.8）降至43至59个月儿童的60.6%（95%CI：56.8 - 64.4）。贫血母亲的孩子的调整预测概率比母亲不贫血的孩子高10.2个百分点。此外，随着母亲年龄组的增加，孩子的调整预测概率降低。与来自多维贫困指数高度贫困州的孩子相比，来自多维贫困指数轻度贫困州的孩子的调整预测概率更低（67.2%[95%CI：62.2 - 72.2]），而来自多维贫困指数高度贫困州的孩子的调整预测概率为79.0%（95%CI：73.4 - 84.5）。
应在产前和产后诊所开展包括补充计划在内的健康策略，以降低贫血患病率，尤其是在弱势群体中。
