Haji Latif, Hayati Dariush
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Front Psychol. 2022 Aug 31;13:957760. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957760. eCollection 2022.
Conflicts over rangeland exploitation have been a serious challenge in Iran, rooted in human behavior. Accordingly, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework in the field of analyzing conflict behavior among rangeland exploiters. This research is a descriptive-correlational and causal-relational study conducted using a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population of the study was rangeland exploiters in one of the northwest provinces of Iran ( = 66,867) of whom 384 people were selected as a sample and stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of academic experts and the reliability of its items was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the variables of personal norms (PN) and the perceived behavioral control were able to predict 25.9% of the variance in terms of the conflicting behavior of rangeland exploiters; besides, ascription of responsibility, PN, perceived behavioral control, and awareness of consequences, which have been proposed as activators of PN, were able to explain a significant percentage (63.5%) of the variance in terms of PN. Furthermore, analysis of the effects of environmental and cultural values showed that conflict behaviors of exploiters were mostly affected by their underlying values. Generally, the results of this study would help in the development of more integrated and comprehensive models in the field of exploiters' conflict behavior. Eventually, to change and improve the environmental behavior of exploiters to better management of conflict in rangelands, providing a list of considerations and competencies for agricultural extension and education, this article comes to the end.
牧场开发冲突一直是伊朗面临的严峻挑战，其根源在于人类行为。因此，本研究旨在为分析牧场开发者之间的冲突行为提供一个全面的理论框架。本研究是一项描述性关联和因果关系研究，采用横断面调查法进行。研究的统计总体是伊朗西北部某省的牧场开发者（n = 66,867），其中384人被选为样本，采用按比例分配的分层随机抽样方法。研究工具是一份问卷，其效度经学术专家小组确认，各项目的信度通过克朗巴哈系数进行验证。结果表明，个人规范（PN）和感知行为控制变量能够预测牧场开发者冲突行为方面25.9%的方差；此外，作为PN激活因素提出的责任归因、PN、感知行为控制和后果意识，能够解释PN方面很大比例（63.5%）的方差。此外，对环境和文化价值观影响的分析表明，开发者的冲突行为主要受其潜在价值观的影响。总体而言，本研究结果将有助于在开发者冲突行为领域开发更综合全面的模型。最终，为了改变和改善开发者的环境行为以更好地管理牧场冲突，本文列出了农业推广和教育的一系列考虑因素和能力，至此结束。
