Hussein Zahra S, Hegazy Ahmad K, Mohamed Nermen H, El-Desouky Mohamed A, Ibrahim Shafik D, Safwat Gehan
Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, 12451, Egypt.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2022 Sep 20;20(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s43141-022-00412-6.
Phytoremediation is determined as an emerging green technology suitable for the safe remediation and restoration of polluted terrestrial and aquatic environments. In this study, the assessment of an ornamental plant, Vinca rosea L., as a phytoremediator of crude oil in polluted soils was conducted. In an open greenhouse experiment, plants were raised in sandy-clayey soils treated with 1, 3, 5, and 7% oil by weight. The experiment was conducted over 5 months.
Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation percentage by V. rosea after a 5-month growth period ranged from 86.83 ± 0.44% to 59.05% ± 0.45% in soil treated with 1 and 7%, respectively. Plants raised in polluted soils demonstrated a dramatic reduction in germination rates, in addition to growth inhibition outcomes shown from decreased plant height. An increase in branching was observed with an increase in oil pollution percentages. Moreover, the phytomass allocated to the leaves was higher, while the phytomass witnessed lower values for fine roots, flowering and fruiting when compared to the controls. Apart from the apparent morphological changes, there was a decrease in chlorophyll a/b ratio, which was inversely proportional to the oil pollution level. The contents of carotenoids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were elevated directly with an increase in oil pollution level. The start codon-targeted (SCoT) polymorphisms and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers showed the molecular variations between the control and plants raised in polluted soils. The genetic similarity and genomic DNA stability were negatively affected by increased levels of crude oil pollution.
The ability of V. rosea to degrade TPH and balance the increased or decreased plant functional traits at the macro and micro levels of plant structure in response to crude oil pollution supports the use of the species for phytoremediation of crude oil-polluted sites. The genotoxic effects of crude oil on V. rosea still require further investigation. Further studies are required to demonstrate the mechanism of phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant compounds in the protection of plants against crude oil pollution stress. Testing different molecular markers and studying the differentially expressed genes will help understand the behavior of genetic polymorphism and stress-resistant genes in response to crude oil pollution.
植物修复被确定为一种新兴的绿色技术，适用于对受污染的陆地和水生环境进行安全修复和恢复。在本研究中，对一种观赏植物长春花作为污染土壤中石油的植物修复剂进行了评估。在一个开放式温室实验中，将植物种植在按重量计用1%、3%、5%和7%的油处理过的砂质粘土土壤中。实验进行了5个月。
在5个月的生长周期后，长春花对总石油烃（TPH）的降解率在分别用1%和7%油处理的土壤中范围为86.83±0.44%至59.05%±0.45%。在污染土壤中种植的植物除了因株高降低而表现出生长抑制结果外，发芽率也显著降低。随着油污百分比的增加，观察到分枝增加。此外，与对照相比，分配到叶片的植物量较高，而细根、开花和结果的植物量较低。除了明显的形态变化外，叶绿素a/b比值降低，且与油污水平成反比。类胡萝卜素、单宁、酚类、黄酮类化合物的含量以及抗氧化能力随着油污水平的增加而直接升高。起始密码子靶向（SCoT）多态性和简单序列重复区间（ISSR）引物显示了对照植物与在污染土壤中种植的植物之间的分子变异。原油污染水平的增加对遗传相似性和基因组DNA稳定性产生了负面影响。
长春花降解TPH以及在植物结构的宏观和微观水平上平衡因原油污染而增加或减少的植物功能性状的能力，支持将该物种用于原油污染场地的植物修复。原油对长春花的遗传毒性影响仍需进一步研究。需要进一步研究来证明酚类、黄酮类化合物和抗氧化化合物在保护植物免受原油污染胁迫中的作用机制。测试不同的分子标记并研究差异表达基因将有助于了解遗传多态性和抗逆基因对原油污染的响应行为。
