Liu Yehao, Wu Yifan, Wu Jie, Li Xin, Yu Lingling, Xie Ke, Zhang Mingyi, Ren Lingling, Ji Yanli, Li Yuhui
Departmen of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
School of Biological Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230000, China.
Pathogens. 2022 Sep 18;11(9):1062. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11091062.
Exposure to veterinary antibiotics (VAs) and preferred as veterinary antibiotics (PVAs) via the food chain is unavoidable for their extensive use not only for treating bacterial infections, but also for use as growth promoters in livestock and aquaculture. One of the consequences is the disturbance of gut microbiota. However, its impact on the virulence and drug resistance of opportunistic pathogens is still unclear. In this study, a total of 26 antibiotics were detected in the urine of 300 young undergraduates in Anhui Province. We found that excessive intake of milk was positively correlated to high levels of VAs and PVAs. It led to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota characterized by high abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The increase in Proteobacteria was mainly due to a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of (). We isolated several strains from participants and compared their drug resistance and virulence using PCR assay and virulence-related assays. We observed that exposure to high levels of VAs and PVAs induced more resistant genes and drove strain to become more virulent. At last, we conducted transcriptome analysis to investigate the molecular mechanism of virulent and drug-resistant regulators in the highly virulent strain. We noted that there were multiple pathways involved in the drug resistance and virulence of the highly virulent strain. Our results demonstrated that participants with high-level VAs and PVAs exposure have a disrupted gut microbiota following the appearance of highly drug-resistant and virulent and, therefore may be at elevated risk for long-term health complications.
由于兽用抗生素（VAs）不仅广泛用于治疗细菌感染，还用作牲畜和水产养殖中的生长促进剂，通过食物链接触兽用抗生素和优先作为兽用抗生素（PVAs）是不可避免的。其后果之一是肠道微生物群的紊乱。然而，其对机会性病原体的毒力和耐药性的影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，在安徽省300名年轻大学生的尿液中检测到总共26种抗生素。我们发现，过量摄入牛奶与高水平的VAs和PVAs呈正相关。这导致了以拟杆菌门和变形菌门高丰度为特征的肠道微生物群失调。变形菌门的增加主要归因于（）的单个可操作分类单元（OTU）。我们从参与者中分离出几种（）菌株，并使用PCR测定和毒力相关测定比较它们的耐药性和毒力。我们观察到，暴露于高水平的VAs和PVAs会诱导更多的耐药基因，并使（）菌株变得更具毒力。最后，我们进行了转录组分析，以研究高毒力（）菌株中毒力和耐药调节因子的分子机制。我们注意到，高毒力菌株的耐药性和毒力涉及多种途径。我们的结果表明，暴露于高水平VAs和PVAs的参与者在出现高耐药性和高毒力的（）后肠道微生物群受到破坏，因此可能面临更高的长期健康并发症风险。
