Abdelaal Abdelaziz, Reda Abdullah, Lashin Basant Ismail, Katamesh Basant E, Brakat Aml M, Al-Manaseer Balqees Mahmoud, Kaur Sayanika, Asija Ankush, Patel Nimesh K, Basnyat Soney, Rabaan Ali A, Alhumaid Saad, Albayat Hawra, Aljeldah Mohammed, Shammari Basim R Al, Al-Najjar Amal H, Al-Jassem Ahmed K, AlShurbaji Sultan T, Alshahrani Fatimah S, Alynbiawi Ahlam, Alfaraj Zainab H, Alfaraj Duaa H, Aldawood Ahmed H, Sedhai Yub Raj, Mumbo Victoria, Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J, Sah Ranjit
Postgraduate Medical Education, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Aug 29;10(9):1419. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10091419.
(1) Background: The monkeypox virus (MPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Orthopoxvirus genus. It was called monkeypox because it was first discovered in monkeys, in a Danish laboratory, in 1958. However, the actual reservoir for MPV is still unknown. (2) Methods and Results: We have reviewed the existing literature on the options for Monkeypox virus. There are three available vaccines for orthopoxviruses-ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16-with the first being a replicating vaccine and the latter being non- or minimally replicating. (3) Conclusions: Smallpox vaccinations previously provided coincidental immunity to MPV. ACAM2000 (a live-attenuated replicating vaccine) and JYNNEOS (a live-attenuated, nonreplicating vaccine) are two US FDA-approved vaccines that can prevent monkeypox. However, ACAM2000 may cause serious side effects, including cardiac problems, whereas JYNNEOS is associated with fewer complications. The recent outbreaks across the globe have once again highlighted the need for constant monitoring and the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. Based on available data, there is still a need to develop an effective and safe new generation of vaccines specific for monkeypox that are killed or developed into a mRNA vaccine before monkeypox is declared a pandemic.
(1) 背景:猴痘病毒(MPV)是一种双链DNA病毒,属于痘病毒科、脊椎动物痘病毒亚科和正痘病毒属。它之所以被称为猴痘,是因为1958年在丹麦一家实验室的猴子身上首次发现。然而,MPV的实际宿主仍然未知。(2) 方法与结果:我们回顾了关于猴痘病毒应对方案的现有文献。有三种正痘病毒疫苗可供使用——ACAM2000、JYNNEOS和LC16,第一种是复制型疫苗,后两种是不复制或极少复制的疫苗。(3) 结论:以前的天花疫苗接种对MPV具有意外的免疫作用。ACAM2000(一种减毒活复制疫苗)和JYNNEOS(一种减毒活非复制疫苗)是两种经美国食品药品监督管理局批准的可预防猴痘的疫苗。然而,ACAM2000可能会引起严重的副作用,包括心脏问题,而JYNNEOS的并发症较少。最近全球范围内的疫情再次凸显了持续监测以及开发新型预防和治疗方法的必要性。根据现有数据,在猴痘被宣布为大流行病之前,仍有必要研发一种针对猴痘的有效且安全的新一代疫苗,该疫苗可以是灭活疫苗或开发成mRNA疫苗。