Sports Health. 2023 Jul-Aug;15(4):558-570. doi: 10.1177/19417381221120639. Epub 2022 Sep 25.
Recent studies have indicated that people who live at altitude have a lower incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and lesser severity in infection cases.
Hypoxia exposure could lead to health benefits, and it could be used in the recovery process as an additional stimulus to physical training to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Level 2.
The 43 participants, aged 30 to 69 years, were divided into control group (CG, n = 18) and 2 training groups: normoxia (NG, n = 9) and hypoxia (HG, n = 16). Before and after the intervention were evaluated the lactate threshold 2 (L2), peak oxygen uptake (VO), and a blood sample was collected at rest to evaluate hematological adaptation. Both groups performed an 8-week moderate-intensity physical training on a bike. The HG were trained under normobaric hypoxic conditions (fractional inspired oxygen [FiO] = 13.5%).
The 8-week intervention promoted a similar improvement in CRF of people recovered from COVID-19 in the HG (L2 = 34.6%; VO = 16.3%; VO intensity = 24.6%) and NG (L2 = 42.6%; VO = 16.7%; VO intensity = 36.9%). Only the HG presented differences in hematological variables (erythropoietin = 191.7%; reticulocytes = -32.4%; off-score = 28.2%) in comparison with the baseline.
The results of the present study provide evidence that moderate-intensity training in normoxia or hypoxia promoted similar benefits in CRF of people recovered from COVID-19. Furthermore, the hypoxia offered an additional stimulus to training promoting erythropoietin increase and hematological stimulation.
The present exercise protocol can be used for the rehabilitation of people recovered from COVID-19, with persistent low CRF. In addition, this is the first study demonstrating that physical training combined with hypoxia, as well as improving CRF, promotes greater hematological stimulation in people recovered from COVID-19.
最近的研究表明，居住在高海拔地区的人患冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的发病率较低，感染病例的严重程度也较低。
缺氧暴露可能带来健康益处，并且可以在康复过程中作为额外的刺激物，与体育锻炼结合，以提高心肺适能（CRF）。
随机对照临床试验。
2 级。
43 名年龄在 30 至 69 岁的参与者被分为对照组（CG，n = 18）和 2 个训练组：常氧组（NG，n = 9）和低氧组（HG，n = 16）。干预前后评估了乳酸阈 2（L2）、峰值摄氧量（VO），并在休息时采集血液样本以评估血液学适应性。两组均在自行车上进行 8 周的中等强度体育训练。HG 在常压低氧条件下进行训练（吸入氧分数[FiO] = 13.5%）。
8 周的干预使 COVID-19 康复者的 CRF 得到了类似的改善，HG（L2 = 34.6%；VO = 16.3%；VO 强度 = 24.6%）和 NG（L2 = 42.6%；VO = 16.7%；VO 强度 = 36.9%）。只有 HG 在与基线相比时，在血液学变量（促红细胞生成素 = 191.7%；网织红细胞 = -32.4%；脱分 = 28.2%）上有差异。
本研究结果提供了证据表明，常氧或低氧中等强度训练可使 COVID-19 康复者的 CRF 得到类似的改善。此外，低氧提供了额外的训练刺激，促进了促红细胞生成素的增加和血液学的刺激。
本运动方案可用于 COVID-19 康复后持续低 CRF 的患者的康复。此外，这是第一项表明，与体育锻炼相结合的低氧训练不仅可以提高 CRF，还可以促进 COVID-19 康复者更大的血液学刺激。
