O'Hanley P D, Cantey J R
Infect Immun. 1978 Sep;21(3):874-8. doi: 10.1128/iai.21.3.874-878.1978.
Strains of Escherichia coli, mostly of human origin, were obtained from several different investigators who had isolated them from patients with diarrhea from many different parts of the world. The mechanisms by which these E. coli were thought to have caused diarrhea included: (i) synthesis of labile, stable, or Shigella dysenteriae-like enterotoxins; (ii) invasion of the intestinal mucosa; and (iii) unknown. Each strain was carefully examined for pili or flagella to correlate the presence or absence of such surface structures with a particular mechanism of diarrhea. The presence of pili was determined by colony morphology on minimal media, pellicle formation in static broth culture, and transmission electron microscopy. The pili were categorized as type 1 if the bacteria fermented rhamnose and if pellicle formation was inhibited by alpha-methyl-d-mannoside. The presence of flagella was confirmed in motility media and by transmission electron microscopy. Six invasive E. coli strains lacked pili and flagella. Ten E. coli strains that synthesized enterotoxins or produced diarrhea by an unknown mechanism were piliated (seven with type 1 pili), and all but one had flagella. Pili and flagella seem to be associated with strains of E. coli that produce diarrhea by enterotoxin synthesis or unknown mechanisms. Strains that produce diarrhea by mucosal invasion lack both types of surface structures.
大肠杆菌菌株大多源自人类，是从几位不同的研究者那里获得的，这些研究者从世界许多不同地区腹泻患者身上分离出了这些菌株。这些大肠杆菌被认为引发腹泻的机制包括：（i）合成不耐热、耐热或痢疾志贺氏菌样肠毒素；（ii）侵袭肠黏膜；以及（iii）机制不明。仔细检查了每一株菌株的菌毛或鞭毛，以将此类表面结构的有无与特定腹泻机制联系起来。通过在基本培养基上的菌落形态、静态肉汤培养中的菌膜形成以及透射电子显微镜来确定菌毛的存在。如果细菌能发酵鼠李糖且菌膜形成受到α-甲基-D-甘露糖苷抑制，则将菌毛归类为1型。通过在动力培养基中以及透射电子显微镜下观察来确认鞭毛的存在。六株侵袭性大肠杆菌菌株既没有菌毛也没有鞭毛。十株合成肠毒素或通过不明机制导致腹泻的大肠杆菌菌株有菌毛（七株有1型菌毛），除一株外均有鞭毛。菌毛和鞭毛似乎与通过肠毒素合成或不明机制导致腹泻的大肠杆菌菌株有关。通过黏膜侵袭导致腹泻的菌株缺乏这两种表面结构。
