Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2023 May;57(5):1552-1564. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28439. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
Cognitive training may partially reverse cognitive deficits in people with HIV (PWH). Previous functional MRI (fMRI) studies demonstrate that working memory training (WMT) alters brain activity during working memory tasks, but its effects on resting brain network organization remain unknown.
To test whether WMT affects PWH brain functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI).
Prospective.
A total of 53 PWH (ages 50.7 ± 1.5 years, two women) and 53 HIV-seronegative controls (SN, ages 49.5 ± 1.6 years, six women).
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Axial single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar imaging at 3.0 T was performed at baseline (TL1), at 1-month (TL2), and at 6-months (TL3), after WMT.
All participants had rsfMRI and clinical assessments (including neuropsychological tests) at TL1 before randomization to Cogmed WMT (adaptive training, n = 58: 28 PWH, 30 SN; nonadaptive training, n = 48: 25 PWH, 23 SN), 25 sessions over 5-8 weeks. All assessments were repeated at TL2 and at TL3. The functional connectivity estimated by independent component analysis (ICA) or graph theory (GT) metrics (eigenvector centrality, etc.) for different link densities (LDs) were compared between PWH and SN groups at TL1 and TL2.
Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) on GT metrics and two-sample t-tests on FC or GT metrics were performed. Cognitive (eg memory) measures were correlated with eigenvector centrality (eCent) using Pearson's correlations. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction.
The ventral default mode network (vDMN) eCent differed between PWH and SN groups at TL1 but not at TL2 (P = 0.28). In PWH, vDMN eCent changes significantly correlated with changes in the memory ability in PWH (r = -0.62 at LD = 50%) and vDMN eCent before training significantly correlated with memory performance changes (r = 0.53 at LD = 50%).
ICA and GT analyses showed that adaptive WMT normalized graph properties of the vDMN in PWH.
1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 1.
认知训练可能部分逆转艾滋病毒感染者（HIV）的认知缺陷。先前的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究表明，工作记忆训练（WMT）改变了工作记忆任务期间的大脑活动，但它对静息大脑网络组织的影响仍不清楚。
测试 WMT 是否会改变 HIV 感染者静息状态 fMRI（rsfMRI）中的大脑功能连接。
前瞻性。
共 53 名 HIV 感染者（年龄 50.7±1.5 岁，2 名女性）和 53 名 HIV 血清阴性对照者（SN，年龄 49.5±1.6 岁，6 名女性）。
场强/序列：在基线（TL1）、1 个月（TL2）和 6 个月（TL3）后 WMT 后，在 3.0T 处进行轴向单次 shot 梯度回波 echo-planar 成像。
所有参与者在随机分配到 Cogmed WMT（适应性训练，n=58：28 名 HIV 感染者，30 名 SN；非适应性训练，n=48：25 名 HIV 感染者，23 名 SN）之前，均在 TL1 进行了 rsfMRI 和临床评估（包括神经心理学测试），为期 5-8 周，共 25 次。所有评估均在 TL2 和 TL3 重复。在 TL1 和 TL2 时，使用独立成分分析（ICA）或图论（GT）度量（特征向量中心度等）比较 HIV 感染者和 SN 组之间的功能连接估计值。
对 GT 度量进行双向方差分析（ANOVA），对 FC 或 GT 度量进行两样本 t 检验。使用 Pearson 相关系数将认知（如记忆）测量与特征向量中心度（eCent）相关联。在进行虚假发现率校正后，将显著性水平设置为 P<0.05。
在 TL1 时，HIV 感染者和 SN 组之间的腹侧默认模式网络（vDMN）eCent 存在差异，但在 TL2 时没有（P=0.28）。在 HIV 感染者中，vDMN eCent 的变化与 HIV 感染者记忆能力的变化显著相关（LD=50%时 r=-0.62），并且 vDMN eCent 与训练前记忆能力的变化显著相关（LD=50%时 r=0.53）。
ICA 和 GT 分析表明，适应性 WMT 使 HIV 感染者 vDMN 的图特性正常化。
1 技术功效：1。
