Tang Yunkai, Wang Zhen, Xiang Lei, Zhao Zhenyu, Cui Wenguo
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China.
Regen Biomater. 2022 Sep 5;9:rbac062. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbac062. eCollection 2022.
With an increase in life expectancy and the popularity of high-intensity exercise, the frequency of tendon and ligament injuries has also increased. Owing to the specificity of its tissue, the rapid restoration of injured tendons and ligaments is challenging for treatment. This review summarizes the latest progress in cells, biomaterials, active molecules and construction technology in treating tendon/ligament injuries. The characteristics of supports made of different materials and the development and application of different manufacturing methods are discussed. The development of natural polymers, synthetic polymers and composite materials has boosted the use of scaffolds. In addition, the development of electrospinning and hydrogel technology has diversified the production and treatment of materials. First, this article briefly introduces the structure, function and biological characteristics of tendons/ligaments. Then, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different materials, such as natural polymer scaffolds, synthetic polymer scaffolds, composite scaffolds and extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biological scaffolds, in the application of tendon/ligament regeneration. We then discuss the latest applications of electrospun fiber scaffolds and hydrogels in regeneration engineering. Finally, we discuss the current problems and future directions in the development of biomaterials for restoring damaged tendons and ligaments.
随着预期寿命的增加和高强度运动的普及，肌腱和韧带损伤的发生率也有所上升。由于其组织的特殊性，受损肌腱和韧带的快速恢复对治疗来说具有挑战性。本综述总结了在治疗肌腱/韧带损伤方面，细胞、生物材料、活性分子和构建技术的最新进展。讨论了不同材料制成的支架的特点以及不同制造方法的发展和应用。天然聚合物、合成聚合物和复合材料的发展推动了支架的使用。此外，静电纺丝和水凝胶技术的发展使材料的生产和治疗方式更加多样化。首先，本文简要介绍了肌腱/韧带的结构、功能和生物学特性。然后，总结了不同材料，如天然聚合物支架、合成聚合物支架、复合支架和细胞外基质（ECM）衍生的生物支架，在肌腱/韧带再生应用中的优缺点。接着，我们讨论了静电纺丝纤维支架和水凝胶在再生工程中的最新应用。最后，我们讨论了用于修复受损肌腱和韧带的生物材料开发中当前存在的问题和未来方向。
