Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
J Control Release. 2022 Nov;351:560-572. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.043. Epub 2022 Sep 30.
The oral route is the most convenient and simplest mode of administration. Nevertheless, orally administration of some commonly used therapeutic drugs, such as polypeptides, therapeutic proteins, small-molecule drugs, and nucleic acids, remains a major challenge due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment and the limited oral bioavailability. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, nanoscale phospholipid vesicles that are actively released by cells and play crucial roles in intercellular communications. Some EVs have been shown to survive with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and can cross biological barriers. The potential of EVs to cross the GIT barrier makes them promising natural delivery carriers for orally administered drugs. Here, we introduce the uniqueness of EVs and their feasibility as oral drug delivery vehicles (ODDVs). Then we provide a general description of the different cellular EVs based oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) currently under study and emphasize the contribution of endogenous features and multifunctional properties of EVs to the delivery performance. The current obstacles of moving EVs based ODDSs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
口服是最方便和最简单的给药方式。然而，由于胃肠道环境恶劣和口服生物利用度有限，一些常用治疗药物（如多肽、治疗蛋白、小分子药物和核酸）的口服给药仍然是一个主要挑战。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是多种多样的纳米级磷脂囊泡，它们由细胞主动释放，并在细胞间通讯中发挥关键作用。一些 EVs 已被证明可以在胃肠道（GIT）中存活，并能穿越生物屏障。EV 穿越 GIT 屏障的潜力使它们成为有前途的口服给药天然载体。在这里，我们介绍了 EVs 的独特性及其作为口服药物递送载体（ODDVs）的可行性。然后，我们对目前正在研究的不同基于细胞的 EV 口服药物递送系统（ODDSs）进行了概述，并强调了 EVs 的内源性特征和多功能特性对递药性能的贡献。还讨论了将基于 EV 的 ODDSs 从实验室推向临床的当前障碍。
