Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-959 Katowice, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 16;18(14):7590. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147590.
The human body is characterized by the variability of the characteristics of body build, which is expressed in the instability of spinal curvatures, which change during ontogeny. This phenomenon leads to a phylogenetic evolution of the human body build and posture. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of the variability of traits and indices of body build and posture and their mutual relations. It was assumed that over the 10-year observation period, a significant variability and relationships will be observed between the characteristics of body build and posture in young adults. Between 2006 and 2016, 2154 women and men aged 19.6 ± 0.8 were examined (first-year students at the University of Economics in Katowice, Poland). Measurements of basic anthropometric measurements and angular values of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were performed. The collected data were analysed statistically, and the intergroup and intragroup differences were evaluated (ANOVA with repeated measures). The dynamics of variability (by building time series) and absolute and single-base increments were determined. The body build of young men and women in the period of ontogenetic stabilization in the study group has changed statistically significantly over the decade. A prediction of the increases in body weight and hip circumference was recorded over a period of 10 years, especially in men. The characteristics of body posture have also undergone a significant progressive change. In women, thoracic kyphosis increased by 96.15%, whereas in men, lumbar lordosis decreased by 52.65%. Significant sexual differentiation was shown for such characteristics as body height, waist circumference and the angle of lumbar lordosis. The relationships between the characteristics of body build and posture were verified. There was a moderate relationship between the hip circumference and lumbar lordosis in women and a weak relationship between body height and the angle of thoracic kyphosis in men.
人体的特征是体型特征的可变性，这表现在脊柱曲率的不稳定上，这些变化在个体发生过程中发生。这种现象导致了人体体型和姿势的系统发生进化。本研究的目的是评估体型和姿势特征及其相互关系的可变性动态。研究假设，在 10 年的观察期内，年轻成年人的体型和姿势特征将表现出显著的可变性和关系。2006 年至 2016 年间，对 2154 名年龄为 19.6±0.8 岁的男女（波兰卡托维兹经济大学的一年级学生）进行了检查。测量了基本人体测量值和腰椎前凸角和胸椎后凸角的角度值。对收集的数据进行了统计学分析，并评估了组间和组内差异（具有重复测量的方差分析）。确定了可变性的动态（通过构建时间序列）以及绝对和单一基础增量。在研究组中，年轻男性和女性的体型在个体发生稳定期的 10 年间发生了统计学上的显著变化。在 10 年内记录了体重和臀围的增加预测，尤其是在男性中。身体姿势的特征也发生了显著的渐进性变化。在女性中，胸椎后凸增加了 96.15%，而在男性中，腰椎前凸减少了 52.65%。女性的身高、腰围和腰椎前凸角等特征表现出明显的性别差异。验证了体型和姿势特征之间的关系。女性的臀围与腰椎前凸角之间存在中度关系，男性的身高与胸椎后凸角之间存在弱关系。
