Centro de Encefalopatias y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
Department of Biological Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Cell Tissue Res. 2023 Apr;392(1):135-148. doi: 10.1007/s00441-022-03688-9. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) strains present a novel challenge to defining and mitigating this contagious prion disease of deer, elk, moose, and reindeer. Similar to strains of other prion diseases (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, sheep scrapie), CWD strains can affect biochemical and neuropathological properties of the infectious agent, and importantly interspecies transmission. To date, ten CWD strains have been characterized. The expanding range of CWD in North America and its presence in South Korea as well as Scandinavian countries will potentially result in millions of cervids infected with CWD; thus, novel strains will continue to emerge. In this review, we will summarize the characteristics of known CWD strains and describe the impact of prion protein gene polymorphisms on the generation of strains. We will also discuss the evidence that individual cervids can harbor more than one CWD strain, complicating strain analysis, and affecting selection and adaptation of strains in new hosts.
慢性消瘦病 (CWD) 菌株给鹿、麋鹿、驼鹿和驯鹿这种传染性朊病毒病的定义和缓解带来了新的挑战。类似于其他朊病毒病（牛海绵状脑病、绵羊痒病）的菌株，CWD 菌株会影响感染因子的生化和神经病理学特性，并且重要的是会影响种间传播。迄今为止，已经鉴定出了十种 CWD 菌株。CWD 在北美的不断扩大范围及其在韩国以及斯堪的纳维亚国家的存在，将导致数以百万计的有蹄类动物感染 CWD；因此，新的菌株将继续出现。在这篇综述中，我们将总结已知 CWD 菌株的特征，并描述朊病毒蛋白基因多态性对菌株产生的影响。我们还将讨论个体有蹄类动物可以携带一种以上 CWD 菌株的证据，这使得菌株分析变得复杂，并影响新宿主中菌株的选择和适应。
