Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 7;17(10):e0275214. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275214. eCollection 2022.
Fermentable carbohydrates are gaining interest in the field of human nutrition because of their benefits in obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fermentable carbohydrates, such as pectin and inulin, in an atherogenic diet on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model. Forty-eight healthy pigs aged five months were divided into four feeding groups (n = 10) and one baseline group (n = 8). Three feeding groups received an atherogenic diet (38% crisps, 10% palm fat, and 2% sugar with or without supplementation of 5% pectin or inulin), and one group received a conventional diet over 15 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, body condition score, and back fat thickness were monitored regularly. Blood and fecal samples were collected monthly to assess the metabolites associated with high cardiovascular risk and fat content, respectively. At the end of 15 weeks, the coronary arteries of the pigs were analyzed for atherosclerotic plaque formation. Independent of supplementation, significant changes were observed in lipid metabolism, such as an increase in triglycerides, bile acids, and cholesterol in serum, in all groups fed atherogenic diets in comparison to the conventional group. Serum metabolome analysis showed differentiation of the feeding groups by diet (atherogenic versus conventional diet) but not by supplementation with pectin or inulin. Cardiovascular lesions were found in all feeding groups and in the baseline group. Supplementation of pectin or inulin in the atherogenic diet had no significant impact on cardiovascular lesion size. Saddleback pigs can develop naturally occurring plaques in coronary arteries. Therefore, this pig model offers potential for further research on the effects of dietary intervention on obesity-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular lesions, in humans.
可发酵碳水化合物因其在肥胖相关合并症中的益处而在人类营养学领域受到关注。本研究旨在使用 Saddleback 猪模型，研究可发酵碳水化合物（如果胶和菊粉）在动脉粥样硬化饮食中对代谢反应和冠状动脉斑块形成的影响。将 48 头 5 月龄的健康猪分为四组（每组 10 头）和一组对照组（8 头）。三组喂食动脉粥样硬化饮食（38%的薯片、10%的棕榈油和 2%的糖，外加 5%果胶或菊粉的补充），一组喂食常规饮食 15 周。定期监测采食量、体重增加、身体状况评分和背部脂肪厚度。每月采集血液和粪便样本，以分别评估与高心血管风险和脂肪含量相关的代谢物。15 周结束时，分析猪的冠状动脉以确定动脉粥样硬化斑块形成情况。无论补充与否，与常规饮食组相比，所有喂食动脉粥样硬化饮食的组的脂代谢均发生显著变化，如血清中的甘油三酯、胆汁酸和胆固醇增加。血清代谢组学分析表明，各组的饮食（动脉粥样硬化饮食与常规饮食）而非果胶或菊粉的补充会导致代谢组发生分化。所有喂食组和对照组均发现心血管病变。在动脉粥样硬化饮食中添加果胶或菊粉对心血管病变大小没有显著影响。Saddleback 猪的冠状动脉中可自然形成斑块。因此，该猪模型为进一步研究饮食干预对肥胖相关合并症（如心血管病变）的影响提供了潜力。
