Marques Diogo Luís, Neiva Henrique Pereira, Marinho Daniel Almeida, Pires Ivan Miguel, Nunes Célia, Marques Mário Cardoso
Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal.
Front Physiol. 2022 Sep 23;13:1007772. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1007772. eCollection 2022.
Identifying the relative loads (%1RM) that maximize power output (P) in resistance exercises can help design interventions to optimize muscle power in older adults. Moreover, examining the maximal mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) values (Watts) would allow an understanding of their differences and associations with functionality markers in older adults. Therefore, this research aimed to 1) analyze the load-mean and peak power relationships in the leg press and chest press in older adults, 2) examine the differences between mean P (MP) and peak P (PP) within resistance exercises, 3) identify the differences between resistance exercises in MP and PP, and 4) explore the associations between MP and PP in the leg press and chest press with functional capacity indicators. Thirty-two older adults (79.3 ± 7.3 years) performed the following tests: medicine ball throw (MBT), five-repetition sit-to-stand (STS), 10-m walking (10 W), and a progressive loading test in the leg press and chest press. Quadratic regressions analyzed 1) the load-mean and peak power relationships and identified the MP, MP, PP, and PP in both exercises, 2) the associations between MP and PP in the chest press with MBT, and 3) the associations between MP and PP in the leg press with STS and 10W. In the leg press, the MP was ∼66% 1RM, and the PP was ∼62% 1RM, both for women and men ( > 0.05). In the chest press, the MP was ∼62% 1RM, and the PP was ∼56% 1RM, both for women and men ( > 0.05). There were differences between MP and PP within exercises ( < 0.01) and differences between exercises in MP and PP ( < 0.01). The MP and PP in the chest press explained ∼48% and ∼52% of the MBT-1 kg and MBT-3 kg variance, respectively. In the leg press, the MP and PP explained ∼59% of STS variance; however, both variables could not explain the 10W performance ( ∼ 0.02). This study shows that the P is similar between sexes, is resistance exercise-specific, and varies within exercises depending on the mechanical power variable used in older adults. Furthermore, this research demonstrates the influence of the MBT as an upper-limb power marker in older adults.
确定在抗阻训练中使功率输出（P）最大化的相对负荷（%1RM），有助于设计干预措施以优化老年人的肌肉力量。此外，研究最大平均功率（MP）和峰值功率（PP）值（瓦特），将有助于了解它们在老年人中的差异以及与功能指标的关联。因此，本研究旨在：1）分析老年人腿举和卧推中负荷与平均功率和峰值功率的关系；2）研究抗阻训练中平均功率（MP）和峰值功率（PP）之间的差异；3）确定抗阻训练在MP和PP方面的差异；4）探索腿举和卧推中的MP和PP与功能能力指标之间的关联。32名老年人（79.3±7.3岁）进行了以下测试：药球投掷（MBT）、五次重复坐立试验（STS）、10米步行（10W）以及腿举和卧推的渐进负荷试验。二次回归分析：1）负荷与平均功率和峰值功率的关系，并确定两种训练中的MP、MP、PP和PP；2）卧推中MP和PP与MBT之间的关联；3）腿举中MP和PP与STS和10W之间的关联。在腿举中，无论男女，MP约为66%1RM，PP约为62%1RM（P>0.05）。在卧推中，无论男女，MP约为62%1RM，PP约为56%1RM（P>0.05）。训练中MP和PP之间存在差异（P<0.01），且不同训练在MP和PP方面也存在差异（P<0.01）。卧推中的MP和PP分别解释了MBT-1kg和MBT-3kg方差的约48%和约52%。在腿举中，MP和PP解释了STS方差的约59%；然而，这两个变量均无法解释10W的表现（P≈0.02）。本研究表明，老年人的功率在性别之间相似，具有抗阻训练特异性，且在训练中因所使用的机械功率变量而异。此外，本研究证明了MBT作为老年人上肢力量指标的影响。
