Lividini Keith, Masters William A
Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston MA.
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC.
Nat Food. 2022 Sep 19;3(9):703-715. doi: 10.1038/s43016-022-00585-w.
Adequate supplies of healthy foods available in each country are a necessary but not sufficient condition for adequate intake by each individual. This study provides complete Nutrient Balance Sheets that account for all plant-based and animal-sourced food flows from farm production through trade to non-food uses and waste in 173 countries from 1961 to 2018. We track 36 bioactive compounds in all farm commodities recorded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, accounting for nutrient-specific losses in processing and cooking as well as bioavailability. We compare supply to requirements given each country's age-sex distribution and find that the adequacy of food supplies has increased but often remains below total needs, with even faster rise in energy levels and lower density of some nutrients per calorie. We use this nutrient accounting to show how gaps could be filled, either from food production and trade or from selected biofortification, fortification and supplementation scenarios for nutrients of concern such as vitamin A, iron and zinc.
每个国家都有充足的健康食品供应，这是每个人获得充足摄入量的必要条件，但并非充分条件。本研究提供了完整的营养平衡表，记录了1961年至2018年期间173个国家从农场生产到贸易，再到非食品用途和废弃物的所有植物性和动物性食物流动情况。我们追踪了联合国粮食及农业组织记录的所有农产品中的36种生物活性化合物，考虑了加工和烹饪过程中特定营养素的损失以及生物可利用性。我们根据每个国家的年龄性别分布将供应量与需求量进行比较，发现食品供应的充足程度有所提高，但往往仍低于总需求，能量水平上升更快，每卡路里中某些营养素的密度更低。我们利用这种营养核算方法来展示如何填补缺口，无论是通过食品生产和贸易，还是通过针对维生素A、铁和锌等关注营养素的选定生物强化、强化和补充方案。
