Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
Department of Environmental Preventive Medicine (Yamada Bee Company, Inc.), Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 30;23(19):11567. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911567.
Neonicotinoid pesticides (NPs) are neurotoxic substances. They are highly effective as insecticides owing to their water solubility, permeability, and long-lasting activity. These molecules are structurally similar to nicotine and act as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. The administration of NPs to experimental animals reportedly causes neuromuscular and reproductive disorders. Moreover, recently reported problems caused by NPs include damage to land-dwelling creatures (such as mammals and birds), hydrobiology, and ecosystems. This review summarizes the recent reports on NP concentrations detected in river systems in several Japanese regions. These values were lower than the environmental standard values; however, seasonal variations were observed. Furthermore, reports on NP-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity were examined, revealing that the mechanism of injury is mainly driven by oxidative stress. The use of NPs is declining worldwide, except in Japan; therefore, continuous monitoring remains necessary.
新烟碱类农药（NPs）是神经毒性物质。由于其水溶性、渗透性和长效性，它们作为杀虫剂非常有效。这些分子的结构与尼古丁相似，作用于烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体激动剂。据报道，给实验动物施用 NPs 会导致神经肌肉和生殖系统紊乱。此外，最近报道的 NPs 引起的问题包括对陆生生物（如哺乳动物和鸟类）、水生生境和生态系统的破坏。本综述总结了最近在日本几个地区河流水系中检测到的 NPs 浓度的报告。这些值低于环境标准值；然而，观察到了季节性变化。此外，还检查了 NP 诱导的睾丸和卵巢毒性的报告，结果表明，损伤的机制主要是由氧化应激驱动的。除日本外，NPs 在全球的使用正在减少；因此，仍需持续监测。
