Ibrahim Omer H M, Al-Qurashi Adel D, Asiry Khalid A, Mousa Magdi A A, Alhakamy Nabil A, Abo-Elyousr Kamal A M
Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Oct 5;11(19):2621. doi: 10.3390/plants11192621.
The therapeutic importance of in folk medicine for the treatment of several common human diseases has led researchers to conduct phytochemical and pharmacological studies on extracts from various parts of the plant. In the current study, the phytochemical composition of the methanolic fruit extract was characterized, and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated together with the cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, PC-3, and Caco-2, compared with normal Vero cells. Further, its effects on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and expression of apoptosis-related genes were assessed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of fatty acids and their esters in addition to phytosterols, steroid derivatives, and bioflavonoid glycosides with oleic and palmitic acids being the prevalent components (24.12 and 21.56%, respectively). The results showed considerable cytotoxic activity of the extract against the three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC-3, and Caco-2) with a selectivity index ranging from 5.07 to 6.52. This effect was further confirmed with the accompanied increased total apoptosis of treated PC-3 cells (19.22% of the total number of cells) compared to the control cells (0.64% of the total number of cells) with cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and the increased transcription of pro-apoptotic genes including (3.69) and (3.33) expressed as fold change (2^ ΔΔCT). The calculated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was similar (62.5 µg/mL) against the three tested bacterial strains (, and ), while it was higher than 1000 µg/mL for the fungal species (, , and ). Our findings suggest a promising anticancer activity for , which paves the way for more detailed future studies.
在民间医学中，[植物名称]对于治疗几种常见人类疾病具有重要的治疗意义，这促使研究人员对该植物不同部位的提取物进行植物化学和药理学研究。在本研究中，对[植物名称]果实甲醇提取物的植物化学成分进行了表征，并评估了其抗菌活性以及与正常Vero细胞相比对MCF - 7、PC - 3和Caco - 2细胞的细胞毒性活性。此外，还评估了其对细胞周期阻滞、凋亡诱导和凋亡相关基因表达的影响。植物化学筛选显示，除了植物甾醇、类固醇衍生物和生物黄酮苷外，还存在脂肪酸及其酯类，其中油酸和棕榈酸是主要成分（分别为24.12%和21.56%）。结果表明，该提取物对三种癌细胞系（MCF - 7、PC - 3和Caco - 2）具有显著的细胞毒性活性，选择性指数范围为5.07至6.52。与对照细胞（占细胞总数的0.64%）相比，处理后的PC - 3细胞总凋亡率增加（占细胞总数的19.22%），细胞周期阻滞在G1期，促凋亡基因包括[基因名称1]（3.69）和[基因名称2]（3.33）的转录增加（以2^ΔΔCT表示的倍数变化），进一步证实了这种效果。计算得出的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）对三种受试细菌菌株（[细菌名称1]、[细菌名称2]和[细菌名称3]）相似（62.5 µg/mL），而对真菌物种（[真菌名称1]、[真菌名称2]和[真菌名称3]）则高于1000 µg/mL。我们的研究结果表明，[植物名称]具有有前景的抗癌活性，为未来更详细的研究铺平了道路。
