Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Cereb Cortex. 2023 Apr 4;33(8):4761-4778. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhac378.
Humans vary greatly in their motor learning abilities, yet little is known about the neural processes that underlie this variability. We identified distinct profiles of human sensorimotor adaptation that emerged across 2 days of learning, linking these profiles to the dynamics of whole-brain functional networks early on the first day when cognitive strategies toward sensorimotor adaptation are believed to be most prominent. During early learning, greater recruitment of a network of higher-order brain regions, involving prefrontal and anterior temporal cortex, was associated with faster learning. At the same time, greater integration of this "cognitive network" with a sensorimotor network was associated with slower learning, consistent with the notion that cognitive strategies toward adaptation operate in parallel with implicit learning processes of the sensorimotor system. On the second day, greater recruitment of a network that included the hippocampus was associated with faster learning, consistent with the notion that declarative memory systems are involved with fast relearning of sensorimotor mappings. Together, these findings provide novel evidence for the role of higher-order brain systems in driving variability in adaptation.
人类在运动学习能力方面存在很大差异，但对于导致这种差异的神经过程知之甚少。我们在 2 天的学习过程中发现了不同的人类感觉运动适应特征，这些特征与大脑整体功能网络的动态相关，而这些网络在第一天就被认为是认知策略最明显的时候。在早期学习阶段，更多地招募包括前额叶和前颞叶在内的高级大脑区域的网络与更快的学习有关。与此同时，这个“认知网络”与感觉运动网络的更高整合度与较慢的学习相关，这与认知策略与感觉运动系统的内隐学习过程并行运作的观点一致。第二天，包括海马体在内的网络的更多招募与更快的学习有关，这与陈述性记忆系统参与感觉运动映射的快速再学习的观点一致。总的来说，这些发现为高级大脑系统在驱动适应变异性方面的作用提供了新的证据。
