Hung Ho-Fung
Dev Change. 2022 Sep 25. doi: 10.1111/dech.12735.
In 2003, the SARS pandemic led to a framework of global public health governance which was characterized by cooperation between the USA and China, and China's increasing influence in the World Health Organization. In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008, major economies of the world, above all the USA, established the standard of aggressive fiscal and monetary expansion to mitigate any major crisis of the global economy. The effectiveness of such expansions in bringing global economic recovery without fuelling out-of-control inflation hinged on the deepening of US-China economic integration. These global health and economic governance frameworks, which emerged from two previous crises, conditioned the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Ironically, the COVID-19 crisis and the global responses to it undermined the legitimacy of the global public health governing institutions and further aggravated US-China rivalry, which had started before the pandemic. On the other hand, the crisis sustained economic integration between the two countries, despite the US-China trade war that began on the eve of the pandemic. This contradictory geopolitical and geo-economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis will bring more uncertainty and instability to the global order in the wake of the pandemic.
2003年，非典疫情催生了一个全球公共卫生治理框架，其特点是中美合作以及中国在世界卫生组织的影响力不断增强。2008年全球金融危机之后，世界主要经济体，尤其是美国，确立了积极的财政和货币扩张标准，以缓解全球经济的任何重大危机。此类扩张在推动全球经济复苏而不引发失控通胀方面的成效，取决于美中经济一体化的深化。这两个源于此前两次危机的全球卫生和经济治理框架，决定了2020年全球对新冠疫情的应对方式。具有讽刺意味的是，新冠疫情危机及其全球应对措施破坏了全球公共卫生治理机构的合法性，进一步加剧了疫情之前就已开始的美中竞争。另一方面，尽管疫情前夕爆发了美中贸易战，但这场危机维持了两国之间的经济一体化。新冠疫情危机这种矛盾的地缘政治和地缘经济后果，将在疫情之后给全球秩序带来更多不确定性和不稳定因素。
