Alavi Elaheh, Tajadod Golnaz, Jafari Marandi Sayeh, Arbabian Sedigheh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(8):21043-21051. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23244-w. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
Crude oil contamination is a serious threat to the environment and human health as it can contaminate food chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find efficient tests to monitor soils for crude oil contamination. The present study investigates the efficacy of Vicia faba seeds for monitoring contaminated soils with light crude oil. Vicia faba seeds were planted in 0 (control), 1, 2, and 4 percentages (weight percentage) light crude oil-contaminated soils. The seed germination and root length were measured to evaluate phytotoxicity, while the mitotic index, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus formation in the root tip cells were examined for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests. The results showed that light crude oil had toxic effects on Vicia faba growth characteristics, even at 1% contamination. The phytotoxicity assay showed that crude oil reduced seed germination and root length by 45% and 61.67%, respectively. In contrast, cellular observations indicated an increase in mitotic index, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus formation up to 3, 3.59, and 5.6 times, respectively, compared to the control. The light crude oil at 4% induced the simultaneous occurrence of nuclear bud, polyploidy, and micronucleus that may be considered as severe clastogenic and aneugenic effects. Accordingly, Vicia faba can be considered a reliable living system for monitoring light crude oil pollution in soils, even at low concentrations.
原油污染是对环境和人类健康的严重威胁，因为它会污染食物链。因此，有必要找到有效的测试方法来监测土壤中的原油污染情况。本研究调查了蚕豆种子用于监测轻质原油污染土壤的效果。将蚕豆种子种植在0%（对照）、1%、2%和4%（重量百分比）轻质原油污染的土壤中。测量种子发芽率和根长以评估植物毒性，同时检测根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、染色体畸变和微核形成情况，以进行细胞毒性和遗传毒性测试。结果表明，即使在1%的污染水平下，轻质原油对蚕豆的生长特性也有毒性作用。植物毒性试验表明，原油使种子发芽率和根长分别降低了45%和61.67%。相比之下，细胞观察表明，与对照相比，有丝分裂指数、染色体畸变和微核形成分别增加了3倍、3.59倍和5.6倍。4%的轻质原油诱导了核芽、多倍体和微核的同时出现，这可能被视为严重的致断裂和致非整倍体效应。因此，即使在低浓度下，蚕豆也可被视为监测土壤中轻质原油污染的可靠生物系统。
