Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Theriogenology. 2022 Dec;194:162-170. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.009. Epub 2022 Oct 13.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vascularization features of canine ovaries during the follicular phase and the formation of the corpora lutea by using Doppler ultrasonography and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS). Eight healthy bitches were enrolled in the study and were evaluated at five different timepoints (T1 - T5) of the estrous cycle established by vaginal cytology and serum progesterone concentration. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed by a single operator using the ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS machine equipped with a linear multifrequency transducer (9.0 MHz). Color-coded Doppler evaluation of the ovarian parenchyma was performed to investigate the aspects of the signal detection throughout the different timepoints. Pulsed-wave Doppler of the intraovarian arteries was performed to evaluate spectral waveform and doppler velocimetric parameters of Systolic Peak Velocity (SPV cm/s), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV cm/s), Resistivity Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI). CEUS evaluation of the ovaries was performed using a vascular contrast agent (SonoVue®, Bracco, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and the CADENCE™ Contrast Pulse Sequencing (CPS, Siemens) software, in order to perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Perfusion parameters of pixel number, peak intensity (PPI in %), time to peak intensity (TTP in s), mean transit time (MTT in s) and area under the curve (AUC in %). Colour-coded Doppler evaluation demonstrated an increase in signal detection as cycle progressed, with blood flow initially detected with few coloured pixels and mainly at the ventral surface of the ovaries. Further on, the number of coloured pixels increased and spreading to the central region, resulting in a circular-like pattern around the corpora hemorrhagica. The spectral waveform was consistent at all timepoints. SPV (cm/s) and EDV (cm/s) presented a numeric trend and a slight statistical difference at all timepoints, whereas no difference was found for RI and PI. CEUS evaluation demonstrated an increase in pixel intensity across all the timepoints. Quantitative CEUS analysis revealed a statistical difference in PPI (%), MTT (s) and AUC (%) at T5. CEUS evaluation of the ovaries was feasible and demonstrated a marked increase in perfusion parameters in the late postovulatory period, demonstrating its applicability in the assessment of canine corpora lutea development.
本研究旨在通过多普勒超声和对比增强超声（CEUS）评估犬卵巢在卵泡期的血管生成特征和黄体形成。
将 8 只健康母犬纳入研究，通过阴道细胞学和血清孕酮浓度评估其发情周期的五个不同时间点（T1-T5）。
超声检查由一名操作员使用配备线性多频换能器（9.0 MHz）的 ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS 机器进行。对卵巢实质进行彩色多普勒评估，以研究不同时间点信号检测的各个方面。对卵巢内动脉进行脉冲波多普勒检查，以评估频谱波形和多普勒速度计参数，包括收缩期峰值速度（SPV cm/s）、舒张末期速度（EDV cm/s）、阻力指数（RI）和搏动指数（PI）。使用血管造影剂（SonoVue®，Bracco，Sao Paulo，巴西）和 CADENCE™对比脉冲序列（CPS，Siemens）软件对卵巢进行 CEUS 评估，以进行定性和定量分析。
像素数、峰值强度（PPI，%）、达峰时间（TTP，s）、平均通过时间（MTT，s）和曲线下面积（AUC，%）的灌注参数。
彩色多普勒评估显示，随着周期的进展，信号检测增加，最初检测到少量彩色像素，主要位于卵巢的腹侧表面。进一步，彩色像素的数量增加并扩散到中央区域，导致围绕出血体的圆形图案。在所有时间点，频谱波形都是一致的。SPV（cm/s）和 EDV（cm/s）在所有时间点都呈现出数值趋势和略有统计学差异，而 RI 和 PI 则没有差异。CEUS 评估显示，所有时间点的像素强度都增加。定量 CEUS 分析显示，T5 时 PPI（%）、MTT（s）和 AUC（%）有统计学差异。
CEUS 评估卵巢是可行的，并且在排卵后期显示出灌注参数的显著增加，表明其在评估犬黄体发育中的适用性。
