Koca-Ünsal Revan Birke, Chaurasia Akhilanand
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia Harbour, 99320, Kyrenia, Cyprus.
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Dec;49(12):12219-12225. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-08010-y. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
Periodontitis is the primary cause of irreversible destruction of the periodontium surrounding teeth. Proinflammatory cytokines are secreted by pathogens in the biofilm and destroy the periodontium. Exosomes released into all biological fluids from saliva have enabled many innovations in the early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. This narrative review describes the role of exosomes in various diseases, and their involvement in periodontal diseases and periodontal regeneration primarily. Since guided tissue regeneration offers unpredictable results that vary according to the case, new developments in periodontal treatment are needed. Exosomes are suitable drug carriers for periodontal regeneration due to their isolation from every biological fluid, biocompatibility, low toxicity and high concentration of drugs reaching the target tissue. Exosomes obtained from mesenchymal stem cells can be used for periodontal regeneration in periodontal flaps, scaffolds, or periodontal defect areas through biomaterials such as drugs and hydrogels. Exosomes are significant in the early diagnosis and development of treatment of many diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes and prognostic markers in cancer. Future studies are needed to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of exosomes in periodontitis and periodontal diseases and other systemic diseases, as they have many promises in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
牙周炎是牙齿周围牙周组织发生不可逆破坏的主要原因。生物膜中的病原体分泌促炎细胞因子，进而破坏牙周组织。唾液中释放到所有生物体液中的外泌体为牙周疾病的早期诊断和治疗带来了诸多创新。这篇叙述性综述主要描述了外泌体在各种疾病中的作用，以及它们在牙周疾病和牙周组织再生中的作用。由于引导组织再生的效果难以预测，且因病例而异，因此需要牙周治疗的新进展。外泌体因其可从各种生物体液中分离、具有生物相容性、低毒性以及能使高浓度药物到达靶组织，而成为牙周组织再生的合适药物载体。从间充质干细胞获得的外泌体可通过药物和水凝胶等生物材料用于牙周瓣、支架或牙周缺损区域的牙周组织再生。外泌体在许多疾病如心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病的早期诊断和治疗以及癌症的预后标志物方面都具有重要意义。未来的研究需要阐明外泌体在牙周炎、牙周疾病及其他全身性疾病中的作用和可能机制，因为它们在诊断、治疗和预后方面有很大前景。
