Banerjee Jaydeep, Bhattacharyya Debaraj, Habib Md, Chaudhary Siddharth, Biswas Suman, Maji Chinmoy, Nanda Pramod Kumar, Das Arun K, Dandapat Premanshu, Samanta Indranil, Lorenzo Jose M, Dutt Triveni, Bandyopadhyay Samiran
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700 037, India.
Faculty of Veterinary Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700 037, India.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 1;11(10):1344. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11101344.
A cross-sectional study covering four agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India, was carried out to understand the risk-factors, antimicrobial resistance mechanism and clustering of the resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy (170) and diarrhoeic (74) goats reared under intensive (52) and semi-intensive (192) farming practices. Of the 488 E. coli isolates, the majority, including the extended spectrum (n: 64, 13.11%) and AmpC β-lactamase (ACBL) (n: 86, 17.62%) producers, were resistant to tetracycline (25.2%), followed by enrofloxacin (24.5%), cefotaxime (21.5%) and amikacin (20.5%). Statistical modelling revealed that the isolates from diarrhoeic animals (p < 0.001) are likely to be more ACBL-positive than those from the healthy counterparts. Similarly, cefotaxime (p < 0.05) and enrofloxacin-resistance (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in diarrhoeic goats and in goats reared intensively. The isolates (n = 35) resistant to multiple drugs revealed the presence of β-lactamase [blaCTXM-1-(21), blaSHV-(7), blaTEM-(3), blaCMY-6-(1), blaCITM-(3)]; quinolone [qnrB-(10), qnrS-(7), aac(6’)-Ib-cr-(3)]; tetracycline [tetA-(19), tetB-(4)] and sulphonamide resistance determinants [sul1-(4)]; multiple plasmids, especially those belonging to the IncF and IncI1 replicon types; and active acrAB efflux pumps. Further, two isolates harbored the carbapenem resistance (blaNDM-5) gene and eight were strong biofilm producers. This first ever study conducted to unravel the status of AMR in goat farming reveals that not only the intensive farming practices but also certain clinical ailments such as diarrhoea can increase the shedding of the drug-resistant isolate. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli in goats, particularly those that are carbapenem resistant, is a cause for concern that indicates the spread of such pathogens even in the livestock sub-sector generally considered as naive.
为了解从集约化（52只）和半集约化（192只）养殖方式下饲养的健康（170只）和腹泻（74只）山羊中分离出的大肠杆菌的风险因素、抗菌耐药机制及耐药特征的聚集情况，在印度西孟加拉邦的四个农业气候区开展了一项横断面研究。在488株大肠杆菌分离株中，大多数，包括产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（n = 64，13.11%）和AmpCβ-内酰胺酶（ACBL）（n = 86，17.62%）的菌株，对四环素耐药（25.2%），其次是恩诺沙星（24.5%）、头孢噻肟（21.5%）和阿米卡星（20.5%）。统计模型显示，腹泻动物分离株（p < 0.001）比健康动物分离株更可能为ACBL阳性。同样，腹泻山羊和集约化饲养的山羊中头孢噻肟耐药（p < 0.05）和恩诺沙星耐药（p < 0.01）的比例显著更高。对多种药物耐药的35株分离株显示存在β-内酰胺酶[blaCTXM-1-（21）、blaSHV-（7）、blaTEM-（3）、blaCMY-6-（1）、blaCITM-（3）]；喹诺酮类[qnrB-（10）、qnrS-（7）、aac(6’)-Ib-cr-（3）]；四环素类[tetA-（19）、tetB-（4）]和磺胺类耐药决定簇[sul1-（4）]；多种质粒，尤其是属于IncF和IncI1复制子类型的质粒；以及活性acrAB外排泵。此外，两株分离株携带碳青霉烯耐药（blaNDM-5）基因，八株为强生物膜产生菌。这项首次开展的旨在揭示山羊养殖中抗菌药物耐药状况的研究表明，不仅集约化养殖方式，而且某些临床疾病如腹泻都可增加耐药分离株的排出。山羊中多重耐药（MDR）大肠杆菌的出现，尤其是碳青霉烯耐药的大肠杆菌，令人担忧，这表明此类病原体甚至在通常被认为未受影响的畜牧子部门中也在传播。
