Gu Feng, Gong Anmin, Qu Yi, Lu Ling, Shi Qidi, Fu Yunfa
School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an 710086, China.
School of Automation and Information Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China.
Brain Sci. 2022 Oct 9;12(10):1373. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12101373.
Shooting is a sport dominated by psychological factors. Hence, disturbing the shooter's sensory function during aiming will seriously affect his psychological state and shooting performance. Electroencephalograph (EEG) measurements of 30 skilled marksmen in the shooting preparation stage under noisy disturbance, weak light, and normal conditions were recorded. Therefore, the differences in neural mechanisms in the shooter's brain during shooting aiming in different disturbance conditions were explored using an analytical approach that employs functional connectivity and brain network analysis based on graph theory. The relationship between these brain network characteristics and shooting performance was also compared. The results showed that (1) the average connection strength in the beta frequency band and connection intensity in the left and right temporal lobes of the shooters under noise disturbance were significantly higher than those under the other two conditions, and their brain networks also showed a higher global and local efficiency. In addition, (2) the functional connection intensity in the occipital region of the beta band was higher than that in the normal condition in the weak-light condition. The information interaction in the left parietal region also increased continually during the shooting process. (3) Furthermore, the shooters' eigenvector centrality in the temporal and occipital regions with limited sensory function in the two conditions was lower than those in the normal condition. These findings suggest that noise disturbance activates the arousal level of the shooter's brain and enhances the information processing efficiency of the brain network; however, it increases the mental workload. In weak-light conditions, shooters focus more on visual information processing during aiming and strengthen the inhibition of functions in the brain regions unrelated to shooting behavior. Audiovisual disturbance renders the cortical regions equivalent to the audiovisual perception function in the shooter's brain less important in the entire brain network than in the normal condition. Therefore, these findings reveal the effect of audiovisual disturbance on the functional network of the cortex in the shooting preparation stage and provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the neural mechanism of the shooting process under sensory disturbances.
射击是一项受心理因素主导的运动。因此，在瞄准过程中干扰射手的感觉功能会严重影响其心理状态和射击表现。记录了30名熟练射手在射击准备阶段于噪声干扰、弱光和正常条件下的脑电图（EEG）测量结果。因此，采用基于图论的功能连接和脑网络分析的分析方法，探索了不同干扰条件下射手大脑在射击瞄准过程中神经机制的差异。还比较了这些脑网络特征与射击表现之间的关系。结果表明：（1）噪声干扰下射手的β频段平均连接强度以及左右颞叶的连接强度显著高于其他两种条件下的，其脑网络的全局和局部效率也更高。此外，（2）在弱光条件下，β频段枕叶区域的功能连接强度高于正常条件下的。射击过程中左顶叶区域的信息交互也持续增加。（3）此外，在这两种感觉功能受限条件下，射手颞叶和枕叶区域的特征向量中心性低于正常条件下的。这些发现表明，噪声干扰激活了射手大脑的唤醒水平，提高了脑网络的信息处理效率；然而，它增加了心理负荷。在弱光条件下，射手在瞄准过程中更专注于视觉信息处理，并加强了对与射击行为无关的脑区功能的抑制。视听干扰使射手大脑中相当于视听感知功能的皮质区域在整个脑网络中不如正常条件下重要。因此，这些发现揭示了视听干扰对射击准备阶段皮质功能网络的影响，并为进一步理解感觉干扰下射击过程的神经机制提供了理论依据。
