Valori Irene, Carnevali Laura, Mantovani Giulia, Farroni Teresa
Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2022 Oct 20;12(10):1411. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12101411.
Our ability to perform voluntary actions and make choices is shaped by the motivation from having control over the resulting effects (agency) and positive outcomes (reward). We offer an overview of distinct and common behavioral and neural signatures of agency and reward. We discuss their typical and atypical developmental trajectories, focusing on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by neurodiverse processes underlying action selection. We propose that reduced sensitivity to agency and reward in ASD may be related to atypical multisensory processes and motor planning, with potential for understanding restricted and repetitive behaviors. We emphasize the limitations of the existing literature, and prospects for future research. Understanding the neurocognitive processes that shape the way people with ASD select actions and perceive outcomes is essential to support not only learning, but also volition and self-determination.
我们执行自愿行动和做出选择的能力，是由对所产生的效果（能动性）和积极结果（奖励）的控制欲所驱动的。我们概述了能动性和奖励各自独特的以及共有的行为和神经特征。我们讨论了它们典型和非典型的发展轨迹，重点关注自闭症谱系障碍（ASD），其特征是行动选择背后存在神经多样性过程。我们提出，ASD患者对能动性和奖励的敏感性降低，可能与非典型的多感官过程和运动规划有关，这为理解受限和重复行为提供了可能。我们强调了现有文献的局限性以及未来研究的前景。理解塑造ASD患者选择行动和感知结果方式的神经认知过程，不仅对支持学习，而且对意志和自我决定都至关重要。
