Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland.
Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 14;14(20):4286. doi: 10.3390/nu14204286.
Epigenetics is a series of alterations regulating gene expression without disrupting the DNA sequence of bases. These regulatory mechanisms can result in embryogenesis, cellular differentiation, X-chromosome inactivation, and DNA-protein interactions. The main epigenetic mechanisms considered to play a major role in both health and disease are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and profiling of non-coding RNA. When the fragile balance between these simultaneously occurring phenomena is disrupted, the risk of pathology increases. Thus, the factors that determine proper epigenetic modeling are defined and those with disruptive influence are sought. Several such factors with proven negative effects have already been described. Diet and nutritional substances have recently been one of the most interesting targets of exploration for epigenetic modeling in disease states, including autoimmunity. The preventive role of proper nutrition and maintaining sufficient vitamin D concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in the early years of life, is emphasized. Opportunities are also being investigated for affecting the course of the disease by exploring nutriepigenetics. The authors aim to review the literature presenting vitamin D as one of the important nutrients potentially modeling the course of disease in selected autoimmune disorders.
表观遗传学是一系列调节基因表达的改变，而不会破坏碱基的 DNA 序列。这些调节机制可以导致胚胎发生、细胞分化、X 染色体失活和 DNA-蛋白质相互作用。被认为在健康和疾病中起主要作用的主要表观遗传机制是 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 谱分析。当这些同时发生的现象之间的脆弱平衡被打破时，病理风险就会增加。因此，正在定义决定适当表观遗传建模的因素，并寻找具有破坏性影响的因素。已经描述了几种具有已知负面影响的此类因素。饮食和营养物质最近成为疾病状态下（包括自身免疫性疾病）表观遗传建模的一个非常有趣的探索目标。强调了在怀孕期间以及生命早期保持母体血液中适当营养和足够维生素 D 浓度的预防作用。还在探索营养表观遗传学来影响疾病进程的机会。作者旨在回顾文献，提出维生素 D 作为一种潜在的重要营养素，可调节选定自身免疫性疾病的疾病进程。
