Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Viruses. 2022 Oct 8;14(10):2213. doi: 10.3390/v14102213.
In the last three decades, several flaviviruses of concern that belong to different antigenic groups have expanded geographically. This has resulted in the presence of often more than one virus from a single antigenic group in some areas, while in Europe, Africa and Australia, additionally, multiple viruses belonging to the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serogroup co-circulate. Morphological heterogeneity of flaviviruses dictates antibody recognition and affects virus neutralization, which influences infection control. The latter is further impacted by sequential infections involving diverse flaviviruses co-circulating within a region and their cross-reactivity. The ensuing complex molecular virus-host interplay leads to either cross-protection or disease enhancement; however, the molecular determinants and mechanisms driving these outcomes are unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of four JE serocomplex viruses, parameters affecting flaviviral heterogeneity and antibody recognition, host immune responses and the current knowledge of the cross-reactivity involving JE serocomplex flaviviruses that leads to differential clinical outcomes, which may inform future preventative and therapeutic interventions.
在过去的三十年中，几种属于不同抗原群的重要黄病毒在地理上不断扩大。这导致在一些地区，通常来自单个抗原群的病毒不止一种，而在欧洲、非洲和澳大利亚，还同时存在多种属于日本脑炎（JE）血清群的病毒共同流行。黄病毒的形态异质性决定了抗体的识别，并影响病毒中和，从而影响感染控制。后者还受到同一地区内多种共同流行的不同黄病毒的连续感染及其交叉反应的影响。由此产生的复杂分子病毒-宿主相互作用会导致交叉保护或疾病加重；然而，驱动这些结果的分子决定因素和机制尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们概述了四种 JE 血清复合物病毒的流行病学、影响黄病毒异质性和抗体识别的参数、宿主免疫反应以及当前关于导致不同临床结果的 JE 血清复合物黄病毒交叉反应的知识，这可能为未来的预防和治疗干预提供信息。
