Zhang Wei, Ren Shoupeng, Zheng Xinyan
Department of Sports Training, Shenyang Sport University, Shengyang, China.
Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Oct 10;13:981773. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981773. eCollection 2022.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of whole-body cold-water immersion (WCWI) and lower-limb cold-water immersion (LCWI) employed during a 15-min recovery period on the subsequent exercise performance as well as to determine the physiological and perceptual parameters in the heat (39°C). Eleven males performed team-sports-specific tests outdoors. The exercise program consisted of two identical exercise protocols (1 and 2) separated by a 15-min recovery period. The participants completed the same tests in each exercise protocol, in the following order: agility test (-test), 20-m sprint test (20M-ST), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo). During the recovery period, a 3-min recovery intervention of a passively seated rest (control, CON), WCWI, or LCWI was performed. The -test and 20M-ST for the CON group were significantly longer during exercise protocol 2, but they were not significantly different between the two exercise protocols for the WCWI and LCWI groups. The completed Yo-Yo distance for the CON and LCWI groups was shorter during exercise protocol 2, but it was not significantly different between the two exercise protocols for the WCWI group. The chest temperature (T), upper arm temperature (T), thigh temperature (T), mean skin temperature (T), and thermal sensation (TS) values were lower for the WCWI group than for the CON group; but only the T, T, and TS values were lower for the LCWI group compared to the CON group. The T, T, T, and TS values after the intervention were lower for the WCWI group than for the LCWI group. None of the three intervention conditions affected the core temperature (T), heart rate (HR), or rating of perceived exertion (RPE). These results suggest that WCWI at 15°C for 3 min during the 15-min recovery period attenuates the impairment of agility, sprint, and intermittent-endurance performance during exercise protocol 2, but LCWI only ameliorates the reduction of agility and sprint performance. Furthermore, the ergogenic effects of WCWI and LCWI in the heat are due, at least in part, to a decrease of the T and improvement of perceived strain.
本研究的目的是调查在15分钟恢复期间采用全身冷水浸泡（WCWI）和下肢冷水浸泡（LCWI）对随后运动表现的影响，并确定在热环境（39°C）中的生理和感知参数。11名男性在户外进行了团队运动专项测试。运动方案包括两个相同的运动协议（1和2），中间间隔15分钟的恢复时间。参与者在每个运动协议中按照以下顺序完成相同的测试：敏捷性测试（-测试）、20米冲刺测试（20M-ST）和Yo-Yo间歇耐力测试1级（Yo-Yo）。在恢复期间，进行了3分钟的被动坐姿休息（对照组，CON）、WCWI或LCWI的恢复干预。CON组在运动协议2期间的-测试和20M-ST明显更长，但WCWI组和LCWI组在两个运动协议之间没有显著差异。CON组和LCWI组在运动协议2期间完成的Yo-Yo距离较短，但WCWI组在两个运动协议之间没有显著差异。WCWI组的胸部温度（T）、上臂温度（T）、大腿温度（T）、平均皮肤温度（T）和热感觉（TS）值低于CON组；但与CON组相比，LCWI组只有T、T和TS值较低。WCWI组干预后的T、T、T和TS值低于LCWI组。三种干预条件均未影响核心温度（T）、心率（HR）或主观用力程度（RPE）。这些结果表明，在15分钟恢复期间，15°C的WCWI持续3分钟可减轻运动协议2期间敏捷性、冲刺和间歇耐力表现的损伤，但LCWI仅改善敏捷性和冲刺表现的下降。此外，WCWI和LCWI在热环境中的促力作用至少部分归因于T的降低和感知应变的改善。
