Akinsulire Odunayo R, Aibinu Ibukun E, Adenipekun Tayo, Adelowotan Toyin, Odugbemi Tolu
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos. Nigeria.
Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2007 Feb 16;4(3):338-44.
Extracts from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Kalanchoe crenata were screened for their antimicrobial activities. Solvents used included water, methanol, and local solvents such as palmwine, local gin (Seaman's Schnapps 40% alcoholic drink,) and "omi ekan-ogi" (Sour water from 3 days fermented milled maize). Leaves were dried and powdered before being soaked in solvents for 3 days. Another traditional method of extraction by squeezing raw juice from the leaves was also employed. All extracts were lyophilized. These extracts were tested against some gram-negative organisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella paratyphi, Citrobacter spp); gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25213, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis) and a fungus (Candida albicans). Agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at concentrations of 512 mg/ml to 4 mg/ml. All the organisms except Candida albicans were susceptible to the extracts obtained from the traditional method. The squeezed-leaf juice of Kalanchoe crenata was the most active one with MIC of 8 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis, 32 mg/ml against Shigella flexneri, 64 mg/ml against Escherichia coli and 128 mg/ml against the control strain Staphylococcus aureus while its MBC is 256 mg/ml against these organisms except Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The gram-positive organisms were more sensitive to the methanol and local gin-extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Extracts from other solvents showed moderate to weak activity.
对落地生根和圆叶落地生根的叶提取物进行了抗菌活性筛选。使用的溶剂包括水、甲醇以及当地溶剂，如棕榈酒、当地杜松子酒（海员杜松子酒，40%酒精饮料）和“omi ekan - ogi”（3天发酵磨碎玉米制成的酸水）。叶子在干燥并磨成粉末后，浸泡在溶剂中3天。还采用了另一种传统提取方法，即从叶子中挤出原汁。所有提取物均经冻干处理。这些提取物针对一些革兰氏阴性菌（大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、福氏志贺菌、甲型副伤寒沙门菌、柠檬酸杆菌属）、革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25213、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌）和一种真菌（白色念珠菌）进行了测试。采用琼脂孔扩散法和肉汤稀释法，在512 mg/ml至4 mg/ml的浓度范围内测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。除白色念珠菌外，所有受试菌对传统方法获得的提取物均敏感。圆叶落地生根的挤叶汁活性最强，对铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为8 mg/ml，对福氏志贺菌为32 mg/ml，对大肠埃希菌为64 mg/ml，对对照菌株金黄色葡萄球菌为128 mg/ml，而其对除枯草芽孢杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌外的这些受试菌的MBC为256 mg/ml。革兰氏阳性菌对落地生根的甲醇提取物和当地杜松子酒提取物更敏感。其他溶剂提取物显示出中等至较弱的活性。
